【正文】 s, petitive and orderly construction markets. Summary:This is the list at the fixed price and value of the most fundamental difference. At the fixed price basis is the only national, provincial and the professional sector of the scale of the nature of guiding the work of the list price is mainly based on price list norms, containing the nature of the Mandatory Provisions of the national standards, including the business factors of production, consumption price standard construction materials, machinery, equipment and management of the management costs. It is expected that most enterprises enterprises are not fixed, but as the project inventory promotional price quotations and practice, enterprises will gradually establish their own projects and fixed price, when enterprises are based on their own situation and market supply and demand a prehensive, pricing, corporations, price petition, through public bidding) Price of the Bureau will also form a price, which is to facilitate the work of the list. inventory value of construction is to change government pricing model, a market price mechanism, based on individual only price, this goal can be achieved. 六、 construction and consumption measures in place various fixed prices did not distinguish between consumption and construction works in kind consumption measures, in general, works for a 2 entities and the measures。 英文： fixed price list of works and the price difference In different periods of economic development, building products have different prices, prices of different subjects, different price formation mechanism。所以從表面上看，現(xiàn)在的施工承發(fā)包價(jià)格是政府指導(dǎo)價(jià)，但這只是個(gè)過(guò)渡時(shí)期所采用的辦法，最終要走向市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)。比如：挖 10m 底面寬為 ，深 2m 的磚基礎(chǔ)土方，定額計(jì)價(jià)的工程量計(jì)算要考慮增及工作面及放坡因素，為：（ +2+2 ）210= ，清單計(jì)價(jià)中工程量的計(jì)算不考慮增加工作面及放坡，為 210=36m3 。而工程量清單投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)，可以充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)的能動(dòng)性，企業(yè)利用自身的特點(diǎn)，使企業(yè)在投標(biāo)中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)的位置。多年來(lái)我們力圖通過(guò)對(duì)定額的強(qiáng)制貫徹執(zhí)行來(lái)達(dá)到對(duì)工程造價(jià)的合理確定和有效控制，這種做法在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)初期，的確是有效的管理手段。定額計(jì)價(jià)是建立在以政府定價(jià)為主導(dǎo)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)管理基礎(chǔ)上的價(jià)格管理模式，它所體現(xiàn)的是政府對(duì)工程價(jià)格的直接管理和調(diào)控。綜合的量有利于企業(yè)自主選擇施工方法并以之為基礎(chǔ)競(jìng)價(jià) ,也能使企業(yè)擺脫對(duì)定額的依賴 ,建立起企業(yè)內(nèi)部報(bào)價(jià)及管理的定額和價(jià)格體系。 采用綜合單價(jià)更直觀的反映了各計(jì)價(jià)項(xiàng)目（包括構(gòu)成工程實(shí)體的分部分項(xiàng)工程項(xiàng)目和措施項(xiàng)目、其它項(xiàng)目）的實(shí)際價(jià)格，便于工程款支付、工程造價(jià)的調(diào)整和工程結(jié)算 ,也避免了因?yàn)?“ 取費(fèi) ” 產(chǎn)生的一些無(wú)謂糾紛。 華中科技大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯文獻(xiàn) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目： 某商場(chǎng)裝飾預(yù)算 翻譯題目： 定額計(jì)價(jià)方法與工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方法的區(qū)別 中文： 定額計(jì)價(jià)方法與工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方法的區(qū)別 在不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展時(shí)期，建筑產(chǎn)品有不同的價(jià)格形式，不同的定價(jià)主體，不同的價(jià)格形成機(jī)制；定額計(jì)價(jià)方法和工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方法是我國(guó)建設(shè)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展過(guò)程中不同階段形成的二種計(jì)價(jià)方法。綜合單價(jià)中的直接費(fèi)、費(fèi)用、利潤(rùn)由投標(biāo)人根據(jù)本企業(yè)實(shí)際支出及利潤(rùn)預(yù)期、投標(biāo)策略確定 ,是施工企業(yè)實(shí)際成本費(fèi)用的反映 ,是工程的個(gè)別價(jià)格。 定額計(jì)價(jià)模式中計(jì)價(jià)項(xiàng)目的工程實(shí)體與措施合二為一。隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，我 們?cè)岢鲞^(guò) “控制量、指導(dǎo)價(jià)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)費(fèi) ”、“量?jī)r(jià)分離 ”、 “以市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)形成價(jià)格 ”等多種改革方案。但隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的 深入和市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的不斷完善，這種以政府行政行為作為對(duì)工程造價(jià)的剛性管理手段所暴露出的弊端越來(lái)越突出。同時(shí)工程量清單報(bào)價(jià)體現(xiàn)了企業(yè)技術(shù)管理水平等綜合實(shí)力，也促進(jìn)企業(yè)在施工中加強(qiáng)管理、鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新、從技術(shù)中要效率、從管理中要利潤(rùn)，在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中不斷發(fā)展和壯大，企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平高，可以降低管理費(fèi)，自有的機(jī)械設(shè)備齊全，可減少報(bào)價(jià)中 的機(jī)械租賃費(fèi)用，對(duì)未來(lái)要素價(jià)格發(fā)展趨勢(shì)預(yù) 測(cè)準(zhǔn)確，就可以減少承包風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，其結(jié)果促進(jìn)了優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)做大做強(qiáng)，使無(wú)資金、無(wú)技術(shù)，無(wú)管理的小企業(yè)、包工頭退出市場(chǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了優(yōu)勝劣汰，從而形成管理規(guī)范、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的建設(shè)市場(chǎng)秩序。又如清單計(jì) 價(jià)的挖基礎(chǔ)土方中包括破樁頭的工程內(nèi)容時(shí)，無(wú)論破樁頭的工程量多大均以挖基礎(chǔ)土方的工程量 m3 為單位計(jì)價(jià)，破樁頭不再單列工程量?！墩袠?biāo)投標(biāo)法》中明確規(guī)定標(biāo)底可有可無(wú)，強(qiáng)調(diào)無(wú)標(biāo)底的低價(jià)法中標(biāo)，實(shí)行工程量清單就是讓市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)格，這樣從根本上改變了定額模式下套定額取費(fèi)的計(jì)價(jià)辦法，由企業(yè)根據(jù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)需要、自身實(shí)力和在某一特定項(xiàng)目上的需求目標(biāo)自主確定管理費(fèi)和利潤(rùn)水平，通過(guò)招投標(biāo)方式優(yōu)選中標(biāo)單位，用合同形式確認(rèn)工程造價(jià)。fixed price construction methods and inventory valuations of the construction of the market development in different stages of a pricing method main difference between the two: 一、 Prices in different forms and manifestations fixed price pricing between countries and between national steering price. In this mode, works directly by the State price set by the State or to be the guiding standards, the contractor to a certain extent be petition project inventory value of the response of the market price, in this mode, the price of relevant state departments indirect regulation and supervision by the contracts under the construction works in the market demand and supply products independently determine project price changes. 二、 Constitute a different project cost constitute a different form of project cost At the fixed price of units, the cost of direct, indirect costs, fees, profits tax, price calculation, first direct project costs, charges and measures constitute direct costs, the direct costs (or the labor costs) calculated on the fees, profits tax, and the aggregate for the cost. price list of works, construction works by inventory costs (small list works X project prehensive price) list of items, list of items costs, and other charges, fees, taxes 5 parts of the Division for the consideration o