【正文】 est feli ngs and thoughts? Or are you afrai d that your fri end woul d laugh at you, or woul d not understand what you are goi ng through? Anne Frank wanted the fi rst ki nd, so she m ade her best fri end. Anne li ved i n Am sterdam i n N etherl ands during Woul d WarⅡ .H er fam il y was Jewish so they had to hi de or they woul d be caught by the German N azi . She and her fam il y hi d away for nearl y twentyfive m onths before they were discovered. During that tim e the onl y true friend was her diary. She said , ”I don’t want to set down a seri es of facts i n a di ary as m ost peopl e do , but I want thi s di ary i tsel f to be m y fri end, and I shal cal l m y friend Kitty . ”Now read how she fel t after being in the hiding pl ace since Jul y 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Ki ty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so l ong that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do wi th nature. I can wel l rem em ber that there was a tim e when a dep blue sky, the song of the bi rds, m oonli ght and fl owers could never have kept m e spel bound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past el even i n order to have a god l ok at the moon by m yself. But as the moon gave far too m uch light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering cl ouds hel d me entirel y in their power。 it was the first tim e in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…. …Sadl y…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. it’s no pl easure l oking through these any l onger because nature i s one thing that real y m ust be experi enced. Your, Anne Fri day, 10 July 1942 When we arri ved at Pri nsengracht, we went qui ckl y upstairs and the hiding place. We cl osed the door behind us and we were al one. Margot had e faster on her bi cycl e and al ready waiti ng for us. Al l the rooms were ful of boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The li ttl e room was fi l ed wi th bedcl othes. We had to start cl eari ng up at once, if we wi shed to sl ep i n fortabl e beds that ni ght. Mumm y and Margot were not abl e to hel p. They were tired and lay down on their beds. But Daddy and I, the two “hel per” of the family, started at once. The whol e day we unpacked the boxes, fil ed the cupboards and ti di ed, until we were extremely tired. We di d sl eep i n clean beds that night. We hadn’t had any warm food to eat al l day, but we didn’t care. Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and Dady and I were too busy. FRIENDSH IP IN H AWAII Every culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the H awai ans who fi rst setl ed the islands l ong ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That is “to be with happines”. H awai i ans bel ieve that once somebody l oves the l and, they are ready to l ove their peopl e or m uni ty. Thi s is the second m ost import sign of fri endshi p. It is cal led l okahi i n H awai an l anguage, which m eans “onenes with al peopl e”. To enjoy the land you shoul d not be sel fish. The l and is for everyone who lives on i t. Today m any di ferent peopl e cal l H awai thei r home. Indeed, H awai i s a pl ace where peopl e m ake one big m unity from m any sm al ler m unities. Each person gives kokua (hel p) to other peopl e so that al fel l stronger. It’s believed that the isl ands can be a paradi se when the peopl e l ive i n peace. People are tol d that their acti ons should be as gentle as the wi nd that bl ows from the sea. When probl em s happen, people are asked to solve them wi th understandi ng. So when peopl e of H awai tal k about ohana (fami ly), they are real y tal ki ng about al those who l ive on the i sl ands. Li vi ng i n peace, H awai i ans have developed a thi rd sign of fri endshi p. This personal fri endshi p i s shown by gi vi ng leis to one another. The li e, a stri ng of flowers, i s put over a friend’s neck. Then the friend is given a kis on chek. Visitors to the isl ands are also given l ies. When they hear al oha, vi si tors begin to feel at home. Al oha al so means “goodbye”, so visitors wil l hear it again when they l eave. It can al so mean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how m ost visitors wil l remem ber their new friendship. Unit 2 TH E RO AD TO MODERN EN GLISH At the end of the 16th century, about fi ve to seven mil li on peopl e spoke Engli sh. N early al of them l ived in Engl and. Later i n the next century, peopl e from Engl and made voyages to conquer other parts of the worl d and because of that, Engl ish begi n to be spoken in many other countri es. Today, m ore people speak Engl ish as their first, second or a forei gn l anguage than ever before. N ative Engli sh speakers can understand each other even if they don39。 sai d the voice of t he television announcer, 39。t speak the sam e ki nd of Engli sh. Lok at this ki nd of exampl e: British Bety: Woul d you li ke to see m y fl at? Am erican Am y: Yes. I’d li ke to e up to your apartm ent. So why has Engl ish changed over tim e? Actual y al l languages change and devel op when cul tures meet and m uni cate wi th each other. At fi rst the Engli sh spoken i n England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very di fferent the Engli sh spoken today. It was based m ore on German than the Engli sh we speak at present. Then gradual y between about AD800 to 150, Engl ish becam e l ess li ke germ en because those who rul ed Engl and spoke fi rst Dani sh and l ater French. These new settl ers enri ched the Engl ish l anguage and especial ly its vocabul ary. So by the 160’s Shakespeare was abl