【正文】
工染色體含有: * 四膜蟲端粒( tel) * 酵母自主復制序列(ARS) * 酵母著絲點 (CEN) * 酵母的選擇標記 (TRPURA1) YAC載體 the capacity to clone large exogenous DNA fragments (up to 2 Mb) has made YACs a vital tool in physical mapping The functional elements of a yeast chromosome ( 1)著絲粒區(qū)( CEN) A A GTCACGTG T TGTTTCTGNTTTCCGAAA YAC的組成結構 酵母染色體著絲粒區(qū)的保守序列 : 7886bp I II III 由三個區(qū)組成 酵母端粒保守序列是 (G4T2)n 重復序列。 ◆ YAC可以接受 1001000 kb的外源 DNA片段,這一特點使 YAC成為人類基因組計劃及圖位克隆分離基因的重要工具,并促進了發(fā)展人類人工染色體 (human artificial chromosome,HAC)的研究。將 F因子經(jīng)基因工程改良構成的 BAC載體,可用于克隆 100 kb以上的 DNA片段。長度約 35kb,和 TDNA處于不同位置 植物 Ti質粒載體 ( 1) TDNA區(qū)( transferredDNA regions) TDNA是農(nóng)桿菌侵染植物細胞時,從 Ti質粒上導入植物細胞的一段 DNA。 Vir區(qū)段總長度大約 35kb,由 7個互補群組成,分別命名為 VirA、 VirB、 VirC、 VirD、VirE、 VirG和 VirH。 TDNA轉移的機制 Ti質粒載體 ? Disarmed Ti vectors(非致瘤載體) ? Cointegrate vectors(共整合載體) ? Binary vectors(雙元載體) 1) Disarmed Ti vectors ? 去除 TDNA中的腫瘤基因 ? 在 TDNA中插入用于轉化植株篩選的遺傳標記基因 V ir O p i n e合成 25 b p重復區(qū)25 b p重復區(qū)A m pRp BR 32 2p G V 3 8 5 0Intermediate vectors ? A small portion of TDNA was subcloned in a conventional plasmid vector (. pBR322) for easy manipulation, producing intermediate vectors ? Intermediate vectors are incapable of replication in and also lack conjugation functions. ? Transfer of them was achieved using a triparental mating. Triparental mating ? An strain A carrying a helper plasmid able to mobilize the intermediate vector in trans ? The strain B carrying the rebinant intermediate vector ? carrying the disarmed Ti plasmid 3. Binary vector ? TDNA does not need to be physically attached to the rest of the Ti plasmid ? Use separate plasmids to supply the disarmed TDNA and the virulence functions P n o s K a n T n o s P c a M V G U S T n o sp B I 1 2 1K a