【正文】 ment of individual vs team goals。1 What Culture Is 2 Cultural artifacts and manifestations Culture is visible all around the anisation in many artifacts and manifestations, such as performance standards, icons, myths and stories, rituals, traditions, the language people adopt, and the way relationships are encouraged to develop. Values Beliefs Climate Norms Symbols Philosophy The core or essence of culture Its underpinnings Values and beliefs are the deeply seated underpinnings that influence individual and anisational behaviour every day. For example: They influence the way people are rewarded (collectively/individually/both) or the way they are encouraged to ask permission before taking risks Source: The Paradox Principles, The PwC Change Integration Team, 1996. What Culture Is Culture is the bination of the values and beliefs that provide direction and energy to what people do each day 3 Leadership actions Performance measures People practices Vision, purpose, and strategy Structure Competitive context Climate Norms Symbols Philosophy Values Beliefs Behaviours Decisions PERFORMANCE Shapers Creation, reflection, reinforcement of culture Manifestations Content and manifestations of culture Impact Impact on anisational interactions Results Effect on business results Source: The Paradox Principles, The PwC Change Integration Team, Irwin, 1996. What Culture Is The effect of culture on petitive performance builds in layers 4 What Culture Is Culture and values need to be seen in the context of the whole anisation and it’s business system Mission/Vision/ Business Objectives ? Organizational purpose ? Longterm objectives ? Multipleyear goals metrics ? Product/service lines Corporate and Business Strategies ? Markets ? Customers ? Offerings ? Competitive basis ? Shareholder value drivers Organization Structure ? Formal structure ? Supporting relationships ? Levels of authority ? Alliance management ? Integrating mechanisms Leadership ? Direction setting and munication ? Organization mobilization ? Standard setting Organization Culture ? Values and beliefs ? Underlying assumptions ? Climate, norms, symbols, philosophy ? Decisions and behaviors ? Regional and national cultures Business Processes ? Product/service operations ? Support/ logistics ? Supply chain management ? Market and customer management People ? Task requirements ? Individual petencies, skills and abilities ? Talent mix relative to strategy ? Work units/teams ? Individual behavior, and needs /values fit External ? Profitability ? Utilization ? ROA/EVA ? ROC ? Customer satisfaction ? Market share ? Revenue ? Repeat buyers ? Number of customer plaints ? Company image ? Competitive cost positions ? Relative RD expenditures ? Relative labor costs ? (Many others) DIRECTION/IDENTITY FACTORS OPERATIONAL FACTORS External Environment FEEDBACK ? Customers ? Competitors ? Suppliers ? Technology ? Industry structure ? Financial markets ? Labor markets ? Regulation/ ? legislation ? Community ? Core Competencies ? Productivity ? Work unit climate ? Workforce motivation ? Change capability ? Individual performance ? Firstpass quality ? Number of new products / innovations ? Design cycle time ? Transaction process time ? Costs ? (Many others) Internal ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE Technology ? Core product ? Manufacturing ? RD ? Resource allocation ? Operati