【正文】 ld be more careful and a minor accident can quickly bee a major one.4. Describe the procedures in refloating ship aground. a) The different situation of being aground. b) The measures taken to refloat the ship aground. c) Special attention paid to refloat the ship.a) There are different situation of being aground, such as, forward aground, aft aground, amidships aground, full length aground and so on.b) the measures taken to refloat the ship aground:1) Wait for the high water. If the vessel is aground full length, refloat her when tide rises.2) Transfer the ballast and bunker or cargoes3) Reverse engine（倒車）. c) If you can’t refloat the ship by your own means, ask for tug assistance and jettison cargoes. 5. (大副題)Describe the procedures in handling cargo damage. a) Discriptions on different cargo damages. b) The general procedures for handling cargo damages. c) Special attention paid to the handling of damages. a) bagged cargo holed by hooks, case smashed, barrel deformed etc. b) If cargo damage is found in holds, Chief officer will calculate the quantity of it, and then take up matter with the parties concerned. to find out the causes of the damage and decide who will take responsibility of it. c) 1) If the damage is caused by the improper loading, C/O will put a remark into the mate’s receipt, and the stevedoring pany should be responsible for it. 2) If it is caused by inadequate packing of the cargo, C/O will also put a remark in the Mate’s Receipt and the shipper will be responsible for the damage. 3) If the cargo damage is caused by other reasons, C/O will report to shipowner, waiting for further instructions.Chapter 9簡(jiǎn)答：1. What does “initial course” mean in search and rescue operation? the course directed by the OSC at the beginning of the search.2. What does “jettison of cargo” mean? Throw cargo overboard deliberately(故意地) for ship’s safety.3. What’s the difference between “heel” and “l(fā)ist”? Heel is caused by outside reasons such as strong wind, current, and so on . List is caused by inside reasons such as loading, discharging, and so on.4. What does “EPIRB” stand for? Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon.5. What does SAR stand for? Search and Rescue.6. What is INMARSAT short for ?International Maritime Satellite國(guó)際海事衛(wèi)星.7. What does UTC stand for? Universal Time Coordinated.8. What does RCC stand for? Rescue Coordination center.9. What is SART? Search and Rescue 10. Can you list three or more search patterns? Yes, I can. Such as square, sector, parallel search pattern, and so on.11. What does a “hampered vessel” 操縱受限船mean? A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.12. What does MMSI stand for ? Maritime Mobile Service Identity. 海上移動(dòng)電臺(tái)識(shí)別13. What is “Muster List”? 同86,1120 The list showing the details of the signals, and crew’s relative actions.14. What does OSC stand for ? onscene coordinator現(xiàn)場(chǎng)協(xié)調(diào)人/船.15. What does VHF stand for ? very high frequency.16. What is the sound alarm for abandoning vessel?316Seven short blasts and one prolonged blast.17. When will the parallel sweep search usually be used?When searching a large area or location isn’t accurate, it can be used with many ships.18. When will a sector search pattern usually be used?When the target’s accurate position is known, but the target is small, it can be used with one ship.19. When will expanding square search usually be used?When searching a small area with last position of the target known, it can be used with one ship.20. List some visual and audible distress signals for attracting attention when in distress.Smoke signal, rocket parachute flare signal, fog signal and so on. 21. Would you please pronounce the correct international code words for “A” “B” “C” and “D”?Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta. 22. By regulation, what is the minimum amount of water required per person in the lifeboats? 3 liters. 23. “Smothering” is a way of dealing with fire. How does it work?cut off the supply of O2.24. What reason would you think is justified for postponing the fire drill to a more suitable time?When the vessel handle with cargoes in port, or in bad weather, or there is any trouble on board ship.25. A ship anchored close to your ship hoists the flag “I”, what action should you take? Alter course to port26. What altitude must a “rocket parachute flare” reach to ply with regulation?more than 300 meters. 27. What action would you take if you were on duty on deck and you observe oil leaking from the ship’s side?sound the alarm, report to the captain, stop all oil operations, and so on. 28. When would you need a ‘resuscitator ’?we need it when the person is unconscious(失去知覺(jué)的) and not breathe.29. A ship ahead hoists the flag ‘D’，and gives one long blast followed by two short blasts. What is the message?the vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver. / it is a hampered vessel.30. What does 2182KHz mean to you?It is a frequency in the MF band used as a telephone in distress alerting, urgent and safety calling .口述題：1. Describe the procedures of search and rescue operations. a) The ways to transmit distress alerts. b) The procedures for emergency responding. c) The patterns of search and the ways to implement a SAR mission. a) There are several ways. The vessel in distress may transmit distress alerts by radio telephone, radio telegraph, DSC INMARSAT A or C and so on. b) When receiving a distress alert:① Acknowledge the message or Mayday relay. ② Tell the purpose of your vessel to the vessel in distress. ③ Keep a