【正文】 iples and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term mechanical design is used in a broader sense than machine design to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.Keywords: Mechanical Design mechanisms Design ProcessThe Design ProcessDesigning starts with a need apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previouslydone by men, such as putation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partlyIn the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the parison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several ponents bee apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a petitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several ponents. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction。s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the pletely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brandnew design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not u。 of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection。[12] 東北重型機(jī)械學(xué)院等，機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)，上海：上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1979。[4] 機(jī)械工程基礎(chǔ)與通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用叢書編委會(huì)，形狀和位置公差，北京：中國計(jì)劃出版社，2004。再次向我的指導(dǎo)老師，魏老師表示深深的敬意和感謝！畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)雖然我完成的圖不一定很好，但是通過老師的幫助和自己的努力完成還是讓我有一種自豪感，畢竟是我自己真的去思考所得來的成果。還結(jié)合了我們生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)中所看到的實(shí)際情況來選擇設(shè)備，填寫了工藝文件。這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，這讓我真切的體會(huì)到理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合的意義，為我今后的機(jī)械制造技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)思路奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 問題的提出夾具是一種裝夾工件的工藝裝備，它廣泛地應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制造過程地切削加工、 熱處理、裝配等工藝過程中。由《切削手冊(cè)》 Vt=114,mm/min Kv=*****= 則： Vc=114*=105m/min 查《簡明手冊(cè)》，取為1160r/min。由于，故切削用量可用，即：，計(jì)算工時(shí) 粗鉸φ16孔粗鉸至φ16mm刀具：專用鉸刀機(jī)床：Z525立式鉆床根據(jù)有關(guān)手冊(cè)的規(guī)定，～,，機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速取為=392r/min，則其切削速度為：。以上三個(gè)進(jìn)給量比較得出，受限制的進(jìn)給量是工藝要求，其值為：~。 確定鉆頭磨鈍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及壽命　后刀面最大磨損限度（查《簡明手冊(cè)》），壽命．　 切削速度查《切削手冊(cè)》，切削速度計(jì)算公式為： （m/min）其中，，查得修正系數(shù)：，故實(shí)際的切削速度： 檢驗(yàn)機(jī)床扭矩及功率查《切削手冊(cè)》，當(dāng)f≤, do≤11mm時(shí)，Mt=?m，故MC= N?m。176。 確定刀具壽命及磨鈍標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 根據(jù)《切削手冊(cè)》，；由于銑刀直徑d0=125mm，故刀具使用壽命T=180min（據(jù)《簡明手冊(cè)》） 計(jì)算切削速度vc和每分鐘進(jìn)給量vf 根據(jù)《切削手冊(cè)》，當(dāng)d0=125mm，Z=12，ap≤，fz≤，vt=98m/min,nt=322r/min,vft=490mm/min。后角α0＝8176。切削速度計(jì)算公式為：其中 ，，將以上數(shù)據(jù)代入公式：確定機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速： 。刃傾角：λs=－10176。工序 9：去毛刺工序 10：終檢，入庫。查《機(jī)械制造工藝設(shè)計(jì)簡明手冊(cè)》,，選擇零件的加工工藝路線如下：工序 1：毛坯檢驗(yàn)工序 2：夾緊軸承座孔兩側(cè)毛坯，銑軸承座底面，照顧尺寸55mm和表面粗糙度，采用X51立式銑床加專用夾具。選擇定位基準(zhǔn)時(shí)，既要考慮零件的整個(gè)加工工藝過程，又要考慮零件的特征、設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)和加工方法，根據(jù)粗、精基準(zhǔn)的選擇原則，合理選定零件加工過程中的定位基準(zhǔn)。生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)是指企業(yè)在計(jì)劃期內(nèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量和進(jìn)度計(jì)劃。1 零件的分析 零件的作用軸承座是是用于支撐軸類零件，鏜孔的目的是為了滿足滾動(dòng)軸承的外圈和軸承孔的配合要求，或者是滑動(dòng)軸承外圈與軸承孔的配合，臺(tái)階孔是用于固定軸承座的，Φ32孔是用來與軸相連，支撐并固定軸承，軸承座可以做在機(jī)器箱壁或機(jī)體上。瓦軸為全國最大轉(zhuǎn)盤軸承生產(chǎn)基地。它的主要功能是支承旋轉(zhuǎn)軸或其它運(yùn)動(dòng)體，引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)或移動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)并承受由軸或軸上零件傳遞而來的載荷，可分為滾動(dòng)軸承和滑動(dòng)軸承兩類。我國軸承業(yè)繼