【正文】 。CHAPTER 違約救濟(jì)CHAPTER 5 THE STATUTE OF FRAUDS第五章 防止欺詐條例CHAPTER 6 MISTAKE第六章 錯(cuò)誤 虛假的意思表示，脅迫以及不當(dāng)影響 合同因公共政策而不可執(zhí)行 合同義務(wù)的范圍Chapter 1 MEANING OF TERMS第一章 合同條款的含義167。(2) The person manifesting the intention is the 8. Unenforceable Contracts不能強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的合同An unenforceable contract is one for the breach of which neither the remedy of damages nor the remedy of specific performance is available, but which is recognized in some other way as creating a duty of performance, though there has been no ratification.不可強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的合同是指這樣一種合同，即違反該合同導(dǎo)致?lián)p害賠償救濟(jì)和強(qiáng)制履行救濟(jì)均不可適用，但是卻被認(rèn)為是以其他方式創(chuàng)設(shè)了并沒有獲得認(rèn)可的 履行義務(wù)。12. Capacity to Contract締約能力(1) No one can be bound by contract who has not legal capacity to incur at least voidable contractual duties, Capacity to contract may be partial and its existence in respect of a particular transaction may depend upon the nature of the transaction or upon other circumstances.沒有法律行為能力的締約人所締結(jié)的合同所產(chǎn)生的義務(wù)是可撤消的，該合同對締約人并沒有約束力。15. Mental Illness or Defect有精神病或精神缺陷的人(1) A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction if by reason of mental illness or defect在下列情況下，一個(gè)存在精神疾病或精神缺陷的人，在從事交易活動(dòng)時(shí)所創(chuàng)設(shè)的合同義務(wù)是可以撤消的：16. Intoxicate Persons醉酒的人A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction if the other party has reason to know that by reason of intoxication如果締約他方當(dāng)事人有合理的理由知道一方當(dāng)事人由于醉酒存在下列情況，則該當(dāng)事人在從事交易活動(dòng)時(shí)所創(chuàng)設(shè)的合同義務(wù)是可以撤消的。18. Manifestation of Mutual Assent意思表示一致Manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange requires that each party make a promise or begin or render a performance. 對一個(gè)交換作出一致的意思表示要求各方當(dāng)事人作出允諾或開始或?qū)嵤┮豁?xiàng)義務(wù)履行。在這種情況下所締結(jié)的合同可以基于欺詐、錯(cuò)誤或其他無效的理由被撤消。21. INTENTION TO BE LEGALLY BOUND具有法律拘束力的意圖Neither real nor apparent intention that a promise be legally binding is essential to the formation of a contract, but a manifestation of intention that a promise shall not affect legal relations may prevent the formation of a contract.當(dāng)事人有關(guān)允諾具有法律拘束力的意圖無論是真實(shí)的還是表面的，對于合同的締結(jié)并不重要，但是如果當(dāng)事人作出允諾并不影響當(dāng)事人法律關(guān)系的意思表示，則當(dāng)事人之間的合同并不成立。23. Necessity That Manifestation Have Reference to Each Other作出意思表示應(yīng)相互參考的必要性25. Option Contracts選擇權(quán)合同An option contract is a promise which meets the requirements for the formation of a contract and limits the promisor’s power to revoke an offer.如果一個(gè)允諾符合了訂立合同的條件，并且限制允諾人撤回要約，則該允諾即構(gòu)成選擇權(quán)合同。 but the circumstances may show that the agreements are preliminary negotiations. 雙方當(dāng)事人作出意思表示要采用書面 方式締結(jié)合同這一事實(shí)，并不影響當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)作出的足以導(dǎo)致合同締結(jié)的意思 表示的執(zhí)行；但是這種情況表明這些合意仍然屬于訂約前之商議。(c) whether or not the auction is without reserve, a bidder may withdraw his bid until the auctioneer’s announcement of pletion of the sale, but a bidder’s retraction does not revieve any previous bid.不管該拍賣是否是無保留低價(jià)之拍賣，競買人可以在拍賣人宣布成交之前可以撤回競價(jià)，但是競買人撤回競價(jià)的行為不得使先前的出價(jià)生效。 167。(2) Part performance under an agreement may remove uncertainty and establish that a contract enforceable as a bargain has been formed.部分履行的合同具有確定性，并且表明作為交易的可執(zhí)行合同已經(jīng)成立。(a) rejection or counteroffer by the offeree, or受要約人拒絕要約或提出反要約，或Notwithstanding 167。(2) What is a reasonable time is a question of fact, depending on all the circumstances existing when the offer and attempted acceptance are made.什么是合理的時(shí)間，這屬于一個(gè)事實(shí)問題，要隨發(fā)出要約和試圖作出承諾時(shí)的情況而定。s power of acceptance is terminated when the offeree receives fro m the offeror a manifestation of an intention not to enter into the proposed c ontract. 要約人通知受要約人撤回要約 如果受要約人收到了要約人不愿締結(jié)計(jì)劃中的合同的意思表示，則受要約人的承諾能力終止。An offer’s power of revocation is not limited by the deposit of money or other property to be forfeited in the event of revocation, but the deposit may be for feited to the extent that it is not a penalty.167。(2) The offeror39。 167。TOPIC 5. ACCEPTANCE OF OFFERS主題五 要約的承諾167。(3) Acceptance by a promise requires that the offeree plete every act essential to the making of the promise. 通過允諾作出承諾要求受要約人完成每一個(gè)對發(fā)出允諾具有重要意義的行 為。(2) If an offeree who accepts by rendering a performance has reason to know that the offeror has no adequate means of learning of the performance with r easonable promptness and certainty, the contractual duty of the offeror is disc harged unless如果受要約人通過履行義務(wù)而為承諾，并且有合理的理由知道要約人沒有足夠的渠道以合理的迅急和確定性知曉義務(wù)的履行，則要約人的合同義務(wù)解除，除非167。57. Effect of Equivocal Acceptance模棱兩可承諾的效力A reply to an offer which purports to accept it but is conditional on the offeror39。 Necessity of Notification to Offeror通過允諾而為承諾；向要約人發(fā)出通知的必要性(b) the offeror learns of the performance within a reasonable time, or要約人在合理的期間內(nèi)知曉了義務(wù)的履行，或 by Performance Manifestation of Intention Not to Accept通過履行義務(wù)作出不予承諾的意思表示167。 Acceptance by Performance。An offeree’s power of acceptance is terminated when the offeree or offeror di es or is deprived of legal capacity to enter into the proposed contract.如果受要約人或要約人希望或被剝奪締結(jié)合約的法律能力，則受要約人的承諾能力終止。167。(3) Unless otherwise indicated by the language or the circumstances, and sub ject to the rule stated in 167。40. Time When Rejection or Courteroffer Terminates the Power of Acceptance Rejection or counteroffer by mail or telegram does not terminate the power of acceptance until received by the offeror, but limits the power so that a letter or telegram of acceptance started after the sending of an otherwise effective rejection or counteroffer is only a counteroffer unless the acceptance is received by the offeror before he receives the rejection or counteroffer.拒絕或反要約終止承諾能力的時(shí)間 如果受約人通過郵件或電報(bào)拒絕要約或提出反要約，則在要約人收到之前，受要約人的承諾能力雖然并不終止，但是有所限制，以便于承諾的郵件或電報(bào)在相反、有效的要約拒絕或反要約發(fā)送之后是唯一的反要約，除非要約人在收到要約拒絕或反要約之前收到此承諾。3849, the power of acceptance under an option contract is not terminated by rejection or counteroffer, by revocation, or by death or incapacity of the offeror, unless the requirements are met for the discharge of a contractual duty.雖然有167。(c) revocation by the offeror, or要約人撤回要約，或36如果受要約人的承諾能力依據(jù)167。(3) Action in reliance on an agreement may make a contractual remedy appropriate even though uncertainty