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英語合同的特點(diǎn)和翻譯(完整版)

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【正文】 elegraphic Transfer 電匯。合同的作用在于明確陳述和規(guī)定不同當(dāng)事人在有關(guān)活動(dòng)中的權(quán)利和義務(wù),合同一般采用陳述句、而不使用疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。 If引導(dǎo)的是條件從句,條件句的賓語部分跟隨后置定語(given by it in Articles or repeated in )。 長句及其翻譯分析合同長句的基本方法是:首先,找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語。 “停止”用”wind up a business” 或”cease (名詞是cessation)a business”, 而不用”end/stop a business”。 “主持’ 不用”chair” 或” be in charge of “ 而用” preside”。May not do 在美國一些法律文件可以用shall not, 但絕不能用can not do 或 must not,但 may do 不能。 “事實(shí)上”用”in effect”, 而不用”in fact”: “開始“ 用”mencement”, 而不用”start”或”begin”。 另外幾乎每個(gè)合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby, 用”pensation”。 如比例稅率:用 pro rate tax rate 要比 proportional tax rate 多; 從事慈善性服務(wù)的律師: pro bono lawyer, 不經(jīng)常用 lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用 agent ad litem二, 句法特點(diǎn)與翻譯要點(diǎn)商務(wù)合同的句法具有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、句式較長的特點(diǎn)。 諸多狀語盡管在原文中位置靈活,然而在譯文里,需按照漢語的行文規(guī)范適當(dāng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整:方式狀語一般應(yīng)置于動(dòng)詞之前; 其他狀語可以靈活處理,如本句中的時(shí)間狀語可以提前至句首。按照漢語的思維習(xí)慣,往往先談原因,再談結(jié)論,因此采用顛倒順序的譯法更合理。FOB Free on Board 裝運(yùn)港船上交貨 CFR Cost Insurance and Freight 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)。Hereafter=following this, hereby=by this means or by reason of this, 茲,之,特此,在此hereof= of this, hereinafter= later in this contract, herein before= in a proceeding part of this contract . 本協(xié)議中,以there為詞根的古體詞,漢語翻譯時(shí)一般都帶有“那..該。原譯,Party A shall not be asked to pay at once any royalties in default on the part of Party B to the delivery of Technical Documentation.改譯,Party A shall not be required to forthwith any royalties in default on the part of Party B to the delivery of Technical Documentation.此句中要求一詞用require比ask正式,forthwith 是公文體, 較at once 和immediately正式嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),符合挈約文體。英文商務(wù)合同中較多使用shall來強(qiáng)調(diào)買賣雙方所必須承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù),體現(xiàn)了合同是一種約束力很強(qiáng)的法律文書, 它表明了合同的威嚴(yán)和對(duì)買賣雙方的約束力。Within 30days after the signing and ing into effect of this contract, the buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30000 in favor of the seller through a bank at export point so that the seller may draw the sum in due time.句中的時(shí)間狀語Within 30days after the signing and ing into effect of this contract, 規(guī)定了買方付款的時(shí)間,整個(gè)句子的重心不是句子的動(dòng)作而是發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)間,翻譯時(shí)因采用漢語中主語時(shí)間狀語謂語賓語的結(jié)構(gòu),使時(shí)間狀語盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞”須“,突出行為的時(shí)效性。2. 表示先決條件的狀語從句由providedthat所引導(dǎo)的表示某種先決條件的狀語,表示的是只有在出現(xiàn)或具備了某種條件的情況下合約的某一方才有義務(wù)承擔(dān)某一責(zé)任或享有某一權(quán)益,或者才有可能采取某一行動(dòng),譯成中文時(shí)通常就不宜位于句首。 表示例外情況的狀語從句此類狀語從句通常由except, with the exception that, in the absence of, 和unless等詞語引導(dǎo),表示免除合約某一方或雙方承擔(dān)某一合約條款所規(guī)定的義務(wù)或責(zé)任的特殊條件,它們經(jīng)常和規(guī)定需承擔(dān)義務(wù)的條件的條件狀語配合使用,通常是對(duì)條款的補(bǔ)充或修正,在意義上一般都隱含有轉(zhuǎn)折,譯成中文時(shí)通常可以把它們作為并列句處理而放置在句子的最后。“譯出,保持英文原文的順序。合同翻譯常見錯(cuò)誤評(píng)析1,忠實(shí)原文問題The engineer shall be at liberty to object to and require the contractor to remove forthwith from the works any person employed by the contractor in or about the execution or maintenance of the works who, in the opinion of the engineer, misconducts himself, or is inpetent or negligent in the proper performance of his duties, or whose employment is otherwise considered by the engineer to be undesirable and such person shall not be again employed upon the works without the written permission of the engineer.原譯文:工程師有權(quán)要求承包商立即解雇其雇傭來執(zhí)行合同的人員,這些人員在工程師看來未履行職責(zé)或不稱職。改譯,在根據(jù)本條款規(guī)定,要求分包商取得保險(xiǎn)并保持其有效和/或允許承包商以分包商的名義取得保險(xiǎn)時(shí),分包商應(yīng)在完全履行該職責(zé)前的任何時(shí)間內(nèi)按承包商要求的格式呈出使承包商滿意的憑證《諸如保險(xiǎn)證明書復(fù)印件...》,包括已支付相應(yīng)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的憑證,在分包商未能如此辦理之情況下,承包商可自行辦理該保險(xiǎn)并從分包商收回辦理該保險(xiǎn)的費(fèi)用。執(zhí)行合同的人員內(nèi)涵很廣,甚至可能包括與施工無直接關(guān)系,且不受工程師干預(yù)的公司行政管理人員或法律顧問等,因而與文本原界定含義”施工或工程維護(hù)人員“差異較大。賣方須及時(shí)以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞綄⒀b運(yùn)詳情通知買方,以
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