[工學(xué)]建筑環(huán)境學(xué)chapter41-2thermalcomfortable(完整版)
【正文】 light are given off. 1) Most General Incandescent lamps is tungsten filament lamp. 最常見(jiàn)的白熾燈是鎢絲燈 mon light bulb 普通燈泡 be clear or frosted透明的或磨砂的 . contains either a vacuum or an inert gas to prevent oxidation of the hot filament. The cost is low 費(fèi)用低 its installation is simple 安裝簡(jiǎn)單 relatively short life 壽命短 1000h the labour costs of replacement to be high更換所需人工費(fèi)高 The low luminous efficacy 光效低 lm/w high electrical running costs 費(fèi)電 ? Only about 5% of the electrical energy visible light ? most of the energy consumed is given off as heat, especially radiant heat. Characters of a tungsten filament lamp 鎢絲燈的特點(diǎn) 2) The improved incandescent lamps: Reflecting lamps 改進(jìn)后的白熾燈： 反射型燈 a) Spot lamps 聚光燈 : glass bulb silvered inside and shaped to form a parabola 拋物線 with the filament at the focus. b) Sealed beam lamps密封光束燈 use similar techniques C) Crownsilvered lamps 銀冠燈 are standard filament lamps where the glass bulb is silvered in front. gives narrow beams of light some other improved incandescent lamp 3) Tungstenhalogen lamps鹵鎢燈 ? Halogen 鹵素 ? A small quantity of a halogen gas, . iodine 碘 or bromine溴 ? run at higher temperatures This gives it a higher efficacy (10–30 lm/W). 1500h 4) Lowvoltage system ? uses 12volt ? lowvoltage bulbs need a lower resistance ? filament can be shorter, thicker and stronger. ? good directional qualities ? popular in shops for the display of goods. ? The relatively low heat output ? can not cause overheating. the second type of artificial light gas discharge sources Most General gas discharge source is Tubular fluorescent lamps 熒光燈管 Figure Tubular fluorescent lamp McMullan 氬或氪 ? The cost is high ? High luminous efficacy 45 lm/w ? Relatively long life 15005000h 10000h above aboard ? Apart from the wellknown tubular fluorescent lamp, usually have a poor colour rendering been restricted to outdoor lighting Characters of gas discharge lamps 氣體放電燈的特點(diǎn) Modern types of discharge lamp 現(xiàn)代的氣體放電燈 ? colour rendering good enough for largescale interior lighting 顯色性能大大提高，可廣泛用于室內(nèi)大面積照明 ? such as factories and warehouses. 比如工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù) ? high efficiency give significant energy savings in buildings 高光效能顯著節(jié)能 1） Compact fluorescent lamps緊湊型熒光燈(CFL) ? Many CFLs are designed to replace an incandescent lamp ? lowenergy 低能耗 Some Modern types of discharge lamps A tubulartype 管式 most popular types in Europe. A spiraltype螺旋式 slightly reduced efficiency Characters of CFLs 緊湊型熒光燈的特點(diǎn) ? CFLs use less power 用電少 ? have a longer life 壽命長(zhǎng) ? In the United States, a CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent lamp, but can save over US$40 in electricity costs over the lamp39。t. It is virtually as if the rays were ing from behind the mirror. Virtually: the same as if As far as the eyebrain system is concerned, the effect is the same as would occur if the mirror were absent and the chess piece were actually located at the spot labeled
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1