石油工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)-鉆井技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)重點(diǎn)句子basicdrillingtechnology(完整版)
【正文】 ending on how the rock properties are measured. 這些是三個(gè)一般的類(lèi)型，依據(jù)巖石的情況怎么樣來(lái)度量。 the storage facilities and living quarters for the crew。 36. Lubricants added to the mud system can help reduce friction at the bit, between the drillstring and hole, and within the drillstring itself, where frictional pressure losses can require high pump pressures. 潤(rùn)滑劑加到鉆井泥漿可以減少鉆頭的磨阻、鉆柱和井壁的磨阻、在鉆柱之間的摸阻，在這些地方由于摩擦造成的壓力損失就要求更高的泵入壓力。 10 28. The drillstring, the largest ponent of the drillstem, is made up primarily of lengths of steel pipe to which are welded a threaded “pin” on the bottom end and a threaded “box” on the upper end (fig. ). 鉆柱，鉆桿中最長(zhǎng)的部分，是又原始長(zhǎng)度的鋼管底端焊接上公扣，上端焊接母扣組成的。 21. The kelly and swivel are connected to the drillstring and are suspended from the hook beneath the traveling block, allowing the kelly and drillstring to be turned by the rotary table. 方鉆桿和水龍頭連接在鉆柱上，它們懸掛在游車(chē)下面的大鉤上 ，大鉤另方鉆桿和鉆柱隨著鉆盤(pán)的旋轉(zhuǎn)而轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 13. In addition to increasing temperature and pressure, other factors associated with the types of formations encountered and the types of fluids they contain can increase the difficulty of dealing with subsurface environments. 此外，由于溫度和壓力的增加和伴隨遭遇各種不同 類(lèi)型結(jié)構(gòu)和它們保含的各種不同類(lèi)型流體的事實(shí)，加大了處理井下問(wèn)題的難度。 5. Rigs and related equipment are also transported to remote arctic locations, using Hercules cargo planes, helicopters, or special widetire vehicles called “rolligons.” 鉆機(jī)和相關(guān)的設(shè)備也被運(yùn)到遙遠(yuǎn)的北極地區(qū) ,運(yùn)用赫爾克里斯貨 6 機(jī) ,直升飛機(jī)或特殊的被稱(chēng)為 ”rolligons”的寬胎車(chē)。 2. Surface environments of oilwell drilling locations can be categorized as either onshore or offshore— although in certain soggy parts of Louisiana the distinction is rather difficult! 油井井位的地面環(huán)境分為地面鉆井和海洋鉆井 ,即使在路易斯安那州某些濕透的地區(qū)這種劃分相當(dāng)困難。 10. Chemical transformation of clays results in an expulsion of water bound within the clay particle layers, with increasing temperature. 隨著溫度的上升，粘土化學(xué)物質(zhì)變化致使粘土顆粒 層間束縛水逐出。 18. A “floater” like the semisubmersible, a drillship must maintain its position at the drilling location by anchors and mooring lines, or by putercontrolled dynamic positioning equipment. 一個(gè)“浮動(dòng)物”像半潛入水中的，石油鉆探平臺(tái)在鉆井現(xiàn)場(chǎng)必須通過(guò)錨，固定繩或者計(jì)算機(jī)控制的動(dòng)力位置裝置來(lái)保持它的固定。 25. The blowout preventers are a series of powerful sealing elements designed to close off the annular space between the pipe and hole where the mud is normally returning to the surface. 防噴器是系列設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)閉管路與井眼之間的環(huán)行空間餓密封元件，泥泵通常從環(huán)室返回地面。 33. Whatever type is used, all bits perform their job with the help of the drilling fluid, which cools the cutting surfaces and circulates rock chips from underneath. 不論使用何種類(lèi)型的鉆頭，所有的鉆頭在鉆井液的協(xié)助下做著她們的工作，鉆井液冷卻巖層表面并且將巖屑從井底循環(huán)上來(lái)。 40. The exact requirements of the program include: depth, mencement date, formations to be encountered, hole size, casing sizes and setting depth’s, logging operations, testing and pletion programs. 關(guān)于項(xiàng)目的精確要求包括：井深、開(kāi)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)、可能遇到的地層、井眼尺寸、套管尺寸、下井深度、錄井操作及測(cè)井及完井過(guò)程。 45. The kelly slowly moves downward until the top of the kelly and the attached swivel are near the drilling floor (after about 30 to 40 ft [9 to 12m] has been drilled). 方鉆桿緩慢的向下移動(dòng)直到其頂部和連接的水龍頭與鉆臺(tái)接近（大約在鉆了 912 時(shí)） 。 53. They inform the puter when to activate the necessary thruster and adjust the position by varying thruster pitch or speed. 他們告訴計(jì)算機(jī)什么時(shí)候通過(guò)改變推進(jìn)器的角度或速度來(lái)活動(dòng)必須的推進(jìn)器和適應(yīng)它的位置。 。 55. Because offshore rig costs are usually much higher than land rigs, the expense of lost drilling time as the result of poor planning or unforeseen equipment needs can be significant.
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