【正文】 專業(yè)英語 (English for Special Science and Technology) □ 隸屬于科技英語 是科技英語的一部分，以表達(dá)科技概念、理論與事實(shí)為主要目的。 □ among other things 除此之外，除了別的以外 □ business failure 經(jīng)營失敗 □ independent contractor 獨(dú)立承包商 □ developerbuilder 開發(fā) 建造商 Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑項(xiàng)目的類型 □ mass production 批量生產(chǎn) □ the financing of constructed facilities 興建設(shè)施的 融資 □ general contractor 總承包商 □ be specialized in 專門從事于 □ laborandmaterial intensive 勞動力與材料密集型 □ speculative housing 投機(jī)性住 □ oligopoly 壟斷，求過于供 □ interstate adj.【 主美 】 州與州之間的 □ utilitarian structure 功利性 （實(shí)用性）的結(jié)構(gòu) □ publicly financed 公共資金 □ under contract with 根據(jù)合同與 □ petitive open bidding 競爭性 公開招標(biāo) Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑項(xiàng)目的類型 □ dominate vt. 在 … 占主要地位，支配 □ …and typically all phase of the project are handled by the same firm on a negotiated designconstruct or ―turnkey‖ contractual arrangement, with considerable overlap between design, procurement, and construction. □ … 通常項(xiàng)目各階段的工作由同一企業(yè)依據(jù) 談判的設(shè)計(jì)建造 或 交鑰匙合同安排 來 承擔(dān) ，因而設(shè)計(jì)、采購與施工各工作之間有相當(dāng)多的重疊。 □ Working knowledge n. 應(yīng)用知識 [例 ] She has a working knowledge of French. 她的法語尚可應(yīng)付工作。 □ The following provisions that are some abridgement from the first part, bidding procedures, provides relevant information to help bidders prepare their bids, and information is also provided on the submission, opening, and evaluation of bids and on the award of contracts. □ Abridgement 節(jié)選內(nèi)容，摘要，節(jié)本 □ 下列條款為招標(biāo)程序中的第一部分的 節(jié)選內(nèi)容 ，提供相關(guān)信息幫助投標(biāo)者編制其 投標(biāo)文件 ，同時還提供關(guān)于 投標(biāo)文件 文件的提交，開標(biāo)和評標(biāo)以及 合同授予 等方面的內(nèi)容。 □ Unless otherwise specified in the Bidding Document, the Bidder shall furnish as part of its bid, a bid security in original form and in the amount and currency specified in the Bidding Document. □ 除非招標(biāo)文件另有規(guī)定，投標(biāo)人必須提供招標(biāo)文件中規(guī)定的投標(biāo)保證金的表格，金額和幣種作為投標(biāo)文件的一部分。 □ No bid may be withdrawn, substituted, or modified in the interval between the deadline for submission of bids and the expiration of the period of bid validity. □ interval n. 時間間隔，間隔 □ 從投標(biāo)文件提交的截止日期到投標(biāo)有效期期滿為止，在此期間，投標(biāo)文件不得撤回，替換或修改。 □ The detailed estimate or definitive estimate is made when the scope of work is clearly defined and the detailed design in progress, so that the essential features of the facility are identifiable. □ 當(dāng)工作范圍已經(jīng)確定，詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)正在進(jìn)行中，并且項(xiàng)目的基本特征已經(jīng)明確，這時就可作出工程項(xiàng)目詳細(xì)的估算或確切的估算。 Unit 6 Types of Cost Estimates 工程費(fèi)用的估算類型 □ For example, the cost of a footing of a certain type or size may be found in mercial publications on cost data which can be used to facilitate cost estimate from quantity takeoffs. □ 例如，一種類型或尺寸的 基礎(chǔ)工程 ，其費(fèi)用可以根據(jù)用于能加快計(jì)算工程量估計(jì)量的成本估算的費(fèi)用數(shù)據(jù)文件來進(jìn)行測算。 □ The relationship between the sizes of building project (expressed in square feet) and the input labor (expressed in labor hours per square foot) is an example of a production function for construction. □ 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的大?。ㄓ闷椒接⒊弑硎荆┖腿肆ο模ㄓ脛趧訒r間每平方英尺表示）之間的關(guān)系是施工中產(chǎn)出函數(shù)的一個例子。 Unit 7 Approaches of Cost Estimation 成本估算的方法 □ Once these tasks are deigned and quantities representing these tasks are assessed, a unit cost is assigned to each and then the total cost is determined by summing the costs incurred in each task. □ 一旦 這些工作及其工作量確定下來，每個工作的將會被確定一個 單價，然后總費(fèi)用可由這些單價相加總和 確定 。 □ 但是， 如果 項(xiàng)目被認(rèn)為不同于典型的設(shè)計(jì)，承包商將 通過 實(shí)際使用的施工程序和相關(guān)的費(fèi)用來評估工程的 實(shí)際成本 。s estimate is based on the pleted plans and specification when they are ready for the owner to solicit bids from construction contractors □ 工程師的估價通常根據(jù)完成的圖紙和技術(shù)規(guī)范來進(jìn)行，當(dāng)他們被業(yè)主用來征求建筑承包商的投標(biāo)。 □ All other envelopes shall be opened one by one, reading out: the name of the bidder。 □ In the event of any discrepancy between the original and the copies, the original shall prevail. □ In the event of 如果 … 發(fā)生，萬一 □ 如果正文和副本內(nèi)容不符，以正本為準(zhǔn)。 specified in the Bidding Document 為后置定語修飾 language. □ 投標(biāo)文件以及投標(biāo)者和 招標(biāo)人 之間來往的與標(biāo)書有關(guān)的信件和文件，均應(yīng)使用招標(biāo)文件 規(guī)定的（指定的） 語言。 □ Indispensable adj. 必不可少的，必須的。 who are trained as technical experts? 修飾 a pool of civil engineers □ a pool of 大量的，眾多的 □ Onthejob training 在職訓(xùn)練，崗位訓(xùn)練 □ Training inhouse 機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的訓(xùn)練，內(nèi)部訓(xùn)練 □ This is confirmed by the fact that… 這個事實(shí)已經(jīng)被證實(shí) …( 引導(dǎo)同位語從句， 補(bǔ)充說明 fact的內(nèi)容 ) □ Home office 公司總部 □ Wellhoned 技巧純熟的 Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering 管理對土木工程的重要性 □ The local manager is frequently required by the client to have power to attorney, to ensure that all agreements made in the field are legally binding. □ 客戶常常要求當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)理具 有 代理人 的 權(quán)限 ，以確?，F(xiàn)場簽訂的所有協(xié)議都具有 法律約束力 。 □ 是 結(jié)合各自專業(yè)的科技英語 有很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)性、涉及的面更加狹窄，與專業(yè)內(nèi)容配合更為密切。 □ It is difficult, if not impossible (= if possible 如果可能的話 ), to categorize neatly so great a spectrum of project. □ if not impossible 雙重否定表示強(qiáng)烈肯定，否定句型表達(dá)肯定句型。 □ In summary, the present paper is intended to show…… 總之，本文旨在說明 …… □ accelerate vt. 加速 ,促進(jìn)，增加 □ mand vt. 贏得，擁有，掌握 □ appreciably ，可覺察到，相當(dāng)?shù)? Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering 管理對土木工程的重要性 Comprehension Exercises Please answer the following questions briefly. 1. Why are managerial skills highly demanded in civil engineering? 2. What are the main subjects one should learn in order to get MPM (Master‘s in Project Management)? 3. Why is it necessary to provide a local manager? What kind of qualities should he/she possess? 4. Besides the normal civil engineering training, what is a modern civil engineer required to know? Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering 管理對土木工程的重要性 Academic Writing Exercise □ During the past two decades/ten years, XXX have grown substantially/decreased increasingly/ increased dramatically in …. XXX have bee more and more important/ less important/ crucial because XXX is extremely crucial/ important to …. □ 在過去的 20年 /10年里， ???大幅度增長 /減少，因?yàn)????變得越來越重要 /不重要 … 由于 ???變得非常重要 Unite 3 what is Project Management 何為項(xiàng)目管理 □ While the relevant technology, institutional arrangement or process will differ, the management of such projects has much in mo