【正文】 and where ? is oneorder derivative of OV function at steady state, then traffic jams will never occur in the controlled system . ak ??2ak ???Simulations Observation ? spatiotemporal pattern of traffic flow ? distance headway , velocity Initial conditions ? 100 vehicles, a single road, length 200m ? open boundary condition ? parameters, a=, xc=2, v0= ? ?xi(0)=xc, vi(0)=v0 Case 1 Noise 1 ? dimensionless ? random ? maximum amplitude, 103 Case 1: Simulations results 1 Without control signal Fig. 2(a) Spatiotemporal pattern of the traffic flow With control signal Fig. 3(a) Spatiotemporal pattern of the traffic flow Case 1: Simulations results 2 Without control signal Fig. 2(bd) headway distance and velocity at t=100s and t=500s with control signal Fig. 3(bd) headway distance and velocity at t=100s and t=500s Noise 2 ? random noise 1 ? step external disturbance on the leader ??????????o t h e r w i s eifvtifvtifvtv,/,/)(0001 13513021151102Case 2 Case 2: Simulations results 1 Without control signal Fig. 4(a) Spatiotemporal pattern of the traffic flow Without control signal Fig. 4(bd) headway distance and velocity at t=100s and t=500s Case2: Simulations results 2 with control signal Fig. 5(bd) headway distance and velocity at t=100s and t=500s With control signal Fig. 5(a) Spatiotemporal pattern of the traffic flow 在減速帶的應用 時空圖 Li等的方法 ? KEPING LI and ZIYOU GAO CONTROLLING THE STATES OF TRAFFIC FLOW AT THE INTERSECTIONS International Journal of Modern Physics C 15， 553－ 562 (2022) ? The distance from the intersection to the signal point is represented by ds. ? A section of the street from where the driver can see the closest control signal in front of the driver is called the signal post, and it has a length of M sites. In our method, when the vehicle is at the signal post, the driver cannot drive randomly, ., the randomization step is ignored in this case. ACC中的應用 ? ACC概述 ? ACC結構與工作原理 ? ACC控制算法 ? ACC發(fā)展現狀 ? ACC未來發(fā)展趨勢 ? ACC的相關研究 ? 隨著人們生活水平的提高，以及現代科學技術的飛速發(fā)展，人們對汽車的需求越來越多 ? 隨著汽車保有量的增加，交通不僅變得十分擁堵，而且交通事故不斷增加。除此以外，外界施加的 擾動、交通瓶頸等 也是誘發(fā)交通相變的重要因素 跟馳模型的穩(wěn)定性與相變 最優(yōu)速度模型（ OV） 通過上匝道的擾動會觸發(fā)引起多種擁擠狀態(tài)： (a)同步態(tài)； (b)振蕩堵塞態(tài)； (c)觸發(fā)時走時停態(tài)； (d)固定的局域堆集以及完全堵塞態(tài)。 3) 在自由流區(qū)，流量和密度呈線性關系；隨著密度的增加，流量密度關系式變得越來越復雜；在擁擠狀態(tài)下，數據點分布在一個比較大的二維空間中，很難用一個函數關系來描述。人們出行時就經常遇到相變，最不愿意遇到的是從暢行交通相（經同步交通相）到擁堵交通相的相變。 ? 物理學家指出，交通系統(tǒng)可以看作一個由 多個自驅動粒子組成 的復雜系統(tǒng)，把行進著的車輛和行人看成自行驅動的“ 粒子 ” ，交通流與光線一樣，既有粒子性又有波動性，因