【正文】 東方繪畫和西方繪畫兩大體系 .東方繪畫以中國(guó)畫為代表 .中國(guó)畫簡(jiǎn)稱國(guó)畫在世界美術(shù)領(lǐng)域中自成體系 ,獨(dú)具特色 ,成為東方繪畫的主流 .同西方繪畫相比 ,中國(guó)畫自身的特點(diǎn)很多 : 第一 , 表現(xiàn)在工具材料上 ,往往采用中國(guó)特制的毛筆 ,墨或顏料 ,在宣紙或絹帛上作畫 . 第二 ,在構(gòu)圖方法上不受焦點(diǎn)透視的束縛 ,多采用散點(diǎn)透視法 ( 即可移動(dòng)的遠(yuǎn)近法 ),使得視野 寬廣遼闊 ,構(gòu)圖靈活自由 ,畫中的物象可以隨意列置 ,沖破了時(shí)間與空間的局限 . 第三 ,繪畫與詩(shī)文 ,書法 ,篆刻四者有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起 ,相互補(bǔ)充 ,交相輝映 ,形成了中國(guó)畫獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容美和形式美 . 第四 ,中國(guó)畫的特點(diǎn)來(lái)源于中華民族悠久的傳統(tǒng)文化和豐富的美學(xué)思想 .以《清明上河圖》為例 ,作者張擇端 ,《清明上河圖》是一幅聞名世界的高 厘米 ,長(zhǎng) 528 厘米的絹本設(shè)色長(zhǎng)卷 ,畫中所描繪的是北宋都城汴梁清明時(shí)節(jié)以汴河為中心的繁榮社會(huì)生活景象 ,通過(guò)虹橋上下兩個(gè)畫面沖突 ,形成一個(gè)熱鬧而緊張的高潮 ,避免了平鋪直敘 ,也發(fā)掘和表現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的 藝術(shù)之美 ,把平凡的生活變成動(dòng)人的藝術(shù) .《清明上河圖》作為古代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的藝術(shù)杰作 ,在藝術(shù)技巧上取得的成就也是多方面的 ,全畫從城效到街市 ,從橋上到橋下 ,畫面雖復(fù)雜 ,但中心環(huán)節(jié)突出 ,情節(jié)連綿不斷 ,有移步易景的清新境界 ,卻無(wú)割裂松散的形跡 ,顯示了畫家在運(yùn)思立意過(guò)程中 ,概括生活和提煉素材的高度藝術(shù)才能 ,以及在章法和透視處理上 ,不受固定視點(diǎn)限制 ,充分運(yùn)用散點(diǎn)透視的嫻熟技藝 ,尤其在人物刻畫和景物描寫方面 ,達(dá)到了神形兼?zhèn)渖鷦?dòng)準(zhǔn)確的藝術(shù)效果 ,同時(shí)此畫擁有張著 ,楊準(zhǔn)等 20 多人的提詩(shī)和跋 ,以及累累十多枚鑒藏印 ,形成了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)繪畫 特有的民族風(fēng)格與民族特色 . Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollock39。 and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. The movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. Its essential energy transmitted an enduring excitement to the American art scene. Science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the plas to studying molecules and viruses. Beginning with the Greeks and Hipparchus, continuing through Ptolemy, Copernicus and Galileo, and today with our work on the International Space Station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. From here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. To truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen by studying the chemistry of biological processes. This science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work – from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit. Chemistry is a science that explains how salt, something on every table in the world, can be made from sodium and chlorine, two elements that are poisonous to humans. From its beginnings, when Aristotle defined the existence of the atom, to modern chemistry, which bines atomic theory and anic chemistry, this field continues to advance our lives. In technology, you‘ll find many of the things that make life easier today. This includes medical advances like MRI machines, fuelefficient transportation, portable puting devices, and flat screen televisions. Advances in the field of technology continue to amaze and astound. Modern puting technology is able to municate wirelessly to the Inter and to other devices – advances that have freed puters from desks and made technology and information available to more and more people. Enrico Caruso‘s ascendancy coincided with the dawn of the twentieth century, when the world of opera was moving away from the contrived bel canto (―beautiful singing‖) style, with its emphasis on artifice and vibrato, to a verismo (―realism‖) approach. The warmth and sincerity of his voice—and personality— shone in this more natural style and set the standard for contemporary greats like Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, and Jos233。 his only training in a social setting came from his church choir, where he displayed a pure voice and a keen memory for songs. More often than not, however, he skipped choir practice to sing with street minstrels for caf233。s first oneman show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely plicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original styles—the former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko。 an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for reuptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nervetonerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on nonvoluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells。如同抽象 思維始終離不開概念一樣，形象思維的特點(diǎn)是自始至終離不開具體可感的形象，總是運(yùn)用形象來(lái)進(jìn)行思維。舞蹈節(jié)奏一般表現(xiàn)為人體的律動(dòng)，即人體動(dòng)作的力度強(qiáng)弱、速度快慢，以及動(dòng)作幅度能量的大小等，因此，舞蹈節(jié)奏常常體現(xiàn)為人體動(dòng)作的韻律美。在人的內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生豐富的意象聯(lián)想，從而完成音樂形象的創(chuàng)造。 答：表演性，形象性是音樂藝術(shù)、舞蹈藝術(shù)的重要審美特征，且二者又都屬于表演藝術(shù)的范疇之中。 簡(jiǎn)答題： 藝術(shù)的抒情性和表現(xiàn)性。 戲劇藝術(shù)：從廣義上講，戲劇包括話劇、中國(guó)戲曲、歌劇、舞劇、乃至目前歐美各國(guó)影響廣泛的音樂劇等。我國(guó)雕塑藝術(shù)正朝向新的高峰期邁進(jìn)。魏晉南北朝和唐宋時(shí)期，宗教雕塑發(fā)展迅速，堪稱我國(guó)雕塑的第二高峰期。 四．后從根本上講，中國(guó)畫的內(nèi)在特質(zhì)是源于中國(guó)文化和中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)思想精神。國(guó)畫又因墨色的單獨(dú)