【正文】 rporating the margins on the production (output that is at basic value) and include the factor inputs (value added) under the column for industries showing intermediate consumption A simple Supply and use table in moary terms 34 A Hybrid Supply and Use Table 混和的供給與消耗表 ? The Supply and Use Table in moary terms (SNA) for products, if superimposed on the Supply and Use Table for all physical flows (products,natural resources, ecosystem inputs and residuals) results in the Hybrid Supply and Use Table. ? A Hybrid Supply and Use Table, in matrix way of presentation, is an important part of the SEEA 35 A simple Hybrid Supply and Use Table 一個簡單的混合供給和消耗表 M oary data (in italics) in billions of currency units。 (ii) The impacts on environmental quality (emissions) resulting from pollution by production and consumption activities. ? (b) Linkage of physical accounts with moary environmental accounts and balance sheets Natural Resource Accounts provide physical counterpart of the SEEA39。1 SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING – UN RECOMMENDATIONS AND ENDEAVOURS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES 環(huán)境經(jīng)濟核算體系－聯(lián)合國的建議及亞洲國家的實踐 . Kulshreshtha UN Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific(SIAP) 聯(lián)合國亞太統(tǒng)計研究所 2 Premises for development of SEEA 建立 SEEA的前提條件 ? Sustainable development and the SEEA ? Three pillar approach to sustainable development Economic, Social, and Environmental needs ? Natural capital and sustainable development Three kind of functions that Natural capital (natural resource stocks, land and ecosystems) provides are: ? Resource functions: mineral deposits, deep forest timber, deep sea fish ? Sink functions: absorb waste products in air,water, sea, landfill sites ? Service functions: habitat for living beings..air, water, survival and amenity functions 3 Premises for development of SEEA 建立 SEEA的前提條件 ? Weak sustainability: seeks to maintain from year to year the per capita ine generated from total capital stock ? Strong sustainability: requires that all forms of capital be maintained intact independent of one another ? Caution for Strong sustainability: ? Renewable resources should not be used in excess of their natural regeneration ? Non renewable resources should be used prudently, with care for its availability to future generations ? Sink functions should not be used beyond their assimilative capacities, ? Activities which cause deterioration in service functions should be avoided or at least minimised 4 Objectives and structure of the SEEA SEEA的目標和結構 ? Conventional system of national accounts (SNA) addresses role of environment in economic performance in part only ? System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) supplements the SNA by Identifying expenditures related to environmental issues, and Incorporating Environmental Assets amp。 stocks, and (ii)Including environmental assets and changes therein, 6 Objectives and structure of the SEEA(contd.) SEEA的目標和結構 ? Further SEEA also takes care of environmental concerns by Introducing impacts (environmental cost) on natural (economic and environmental) assets, caused by production consumption activities of industries, households, and government 7 SEEA: Flow and Stock Accounts with Environmental Assets SEEA：環(huán)境資產的流量和存量核算 8 Economic and Environmental assets: definition /classification 經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境資產：定義 /分類 ? Distinction between ‘Economic’ and ‘Environmental’ natural assets is the heart of