環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)核算體系－聯(lián)合國(guó)的建議及亞洲國(guó)家的實(shí)踐-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 rces, etc is made by the industries, households and ROW Supply and use table for natural resources 28 Flow accounts for Ecosystem inputs 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)投入的流量帳戶 Supply of ecosystem inputs of water and other natural nutrients like oxygen, carbondioxide are made by the Environment, of course. Use of water and other natural nutrients like oxygen, carbondioxide are made by the industries, households, plants, and animals for growth Supply and use table for ecosystem inputs 29 Flow accounts for Residuals 廢棄物的流量帳戶 ? Supply of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes are made by the industries , households, and ROW, disposal of capital items could be shown under Capital use head ? Use of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes are made by the industries (use of wastes for recycling without payment to disposer) , and Capital (landfill sites) Supply and use table for residuals 30 Summary physical flow accounts 實(shí)物量帳戶的小結(jié) The four flow accounts for Products, Natural resources, Ecosystem inputs, and residuals can be assembled into a single table to show summary physical flow account. To show balancing amount of supply and use for each category of User/Producer, an item Net accumulation is placed. Summary physical flow accounts 31 Physical supply and Use Tables 實(shí)物供給和消耗表 SEEA,2021 remends matrix form of presentation for various accounts. So double entry system, like the one used in SNA in accounts and the Social Accounting matrix in moary terms. A simple Supply and use table for products in physical terms is shown below A simple Supply and use table for products in physical terms 32 A simple Supply and use table for all physical flows 一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的全實(shí)物量的供給與消耗表 33 The SNA Supply and Use Table SNA的供給和消耗表 The SNA supply and Use Table is in moary terms. For products we can present it by incorporating the margins on the production (output that is at basic value) and include the factor inputs (value added) under the column for industries showing intermediate consumption A simple Supply and use table in moary terms 34 A Hybrid Supply and Use Table 混和的供給與消耗表 ? The Supply and Use Table in moary terms (SNA) for products, if superimposed on the Supply and Use Table for all physical flows (products,natural resources, ecosystem inputs and residuals) results in the Hybrid Supply and Use Table. ? A Hybrid Supply and Use Table, in matrix way of presentation, is an important part of the SEEA 35 A simple Hybrid Supply and Use Table 一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的混合供給和消耗表 M oary data (in italics) in billions of currency units。 stocks, and (ii)Including environmental assets and changes therein, 6 Objectives and structure of the SEEA(contd.) SEEA的目標(biāo)和結(jié)構(gòu) ? Further SEEA also takes care of environmental concerns by Introducing impacts (environmental cost) on natural (economic and environmental) assets, caused by production consumption activities of industries, households, and government 7 SEEA: Flow and Stock Accounts with Environmental Assets SEEA：環(huán)境資產(chǎn)的流量和存量核算 8 Economic and Environmental assets: definition /classification 經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境資產(chǎn)：定義 /分類 ? Distinction between ‘Economic’ and ‘Environmental’ natural assets is the heart of environmental accounting ? Economic assets supply the economy with natural resources or raw materials for use in production and consumption processes. As per 1993 SNA, the economic assets include all those natural assets (a) over which ownership rights are enforced by institutional units, individually or collectively, and
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