【正文】 nterrela tions of the various forms of carbon derived from the mantle: as a solid solution in silicates, as dense CO2 inclusions, as carbonatite and as disseminated carbonate, graphite, or diamond. 3 包體礦物學的數據類型及其意義 （ 1）溫度 Temperature （ 2）壓力 Pressure （ 3）密度 Density （ 4）鹽度 Salinity （ 5）成分 Composition （ 6） Ph、 Eh…… .. （ 1）溫度 Temperature. The use of fluid inclusions for deciphering the temperature of past geologic events was first proposed by . Sorby in 1858. Since then, data from fluidinclusion geothermometry have been reported in several thousand scientific papers, and inclusions have taken their place as one of our best and certainly most widely applicable geothermometers. In spite of this mon usage, the most astounding aspect of fluid inclusions is seldom mentioned – the enormous number of such clues to temperature that nature has provided. Sorby (1858)的測溫理論 T P L G S 包裹體的加溫均一現象 包裹體的加溫均一現象 2 Temperature Each cubic centimeter of white quartz or calcite may contain a billion fluid inclusions, each a selfcontained recording geothermometer, preserving for us the temperature of a specific moment in the pastthe moment of sealing of that particular inclusion, The fact that most of these billion inclusions may record the same temperature (or several temperatures representing the small number of geologic processes that the sample has experienced) does not detract from the wonder of it for me. （ 2）壓力 Pressure. Data obtained from fluid inclusions can provide information on the pressure of the environment at the time of trapping. A variety of procedures have been used for this purpose. All are based on experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of similar fluids, and many merely provide constraints on the minimum or maximum pressure of formation, but even this limited information can be valuable, The measured pressures range from near atmospheric to many kilobars. （ 3）密度 Density If the position and density of each of the phases now present in a fluid inclusion (., liquid, gas, or crystals) can be determined, along with their individual volumes, the total average density of the material in the inclusion can be calculated. Such densities are important in understanding the past circulation of fluids in the earth39。 such work was used very strong evidence to support the Neptunist theory of the formation of minerals and rocks from water. （ 2）研究歷史 2） 包裹體測溫理論的建立 In the following 155 years, a large number of invetigations of fluid inclusions was made, for a variety of reasons. Many invetigations were aimed at using or disproving the thesis proposed by Sorby (1858) that the gas bubbles present in the fluid of most inclusions are the result differential shrinkage of the liquid and the enclosing mineral during cooling from the higher temperature of trapping (Tt) to the temperature of observation[2]. （ 2）研究歷史 2） 包裹體測溫理論的建立 （ 續(xù) ） Sorby showed that the coefficients of expansion on heating (and, conversely, the coefficients of contraction on cooling) for a variety of liquid solutions resembling the fluids in inclusions wer