中國農業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策及未來發(fā)展趨勢(完整版)
【正文】 er must pay the amount he or she bid but gets nothing in return 4. How much would you bid for a dollar? ? Typically bid more for the dollar when faced with loss as second highest bidder Acquiring a Company ? Scenario ?Company A: The Acquirer ?Company T: The Target ?A will offer cash for all of T’s shares ? The value and viability of T depends on the oute of a current oil exploration project Acquiring a Company ? Project failure: T’s value = $0 ? Project success: T’s value = $100/share ? All outes in between equally likely ? T’s value will be 50% greater with A’s management Acquiring a Company ? Scenario ?A must submit the proposal before the exploration oute is known ?T will not choose to accept or reject until after the oute is known only to T ?Company T will accept any offer that is greater than the per share value of the pany under current management ? How much should A offer? Dominant Strategies ? Dominant Strategy is one that is optimal no matter what an opponent does ?An Example ? A and B sell peting products ? They are deciding whether to undertake advertising campaigns Payoff Matrix for Advertising Game Advertise Don’t Advertise Advertise Don’t Advertise Firm B 10, 5 15, 0 10, 2 6, 8 Payoff Matrix for Advertising Game ? Observations ? A: regardless of B, advertising is the best ? B: regardless of A, advertising is best Firm A Advertise Don’t Advertise Advertise Don’t Advertise Firm B 10, 5 15, 0 10, 2 6, 8 Payoff Matrix for Advertising Game ? Observations ? Dominant strategy for A and B is to advertise ? Do not worry about the other player ? Equilibrium in dominant strategy Firm A Advertise Don’t Advertise Advertise Don’t Advertise Firm B 10, 5 15, 0 10, 2 6, 8 Dominant Strategies ? Equilibrium in dominant strategies ?Oute of a game in which each firm is doing the best it can regardless of what its petitors are doing ?Optimal strategy is determined without worrying about the actions of other players ? However, not every game has a dominant strategy for each player Dominant Strategies ? Game Without Dominant Strategy ?The optimal decision of a player without a dominant strategy will depend on what the other player does ?Revising the payoff matrix, we can see a situation where no dominant strategy exists 10, 5 15, 0 20, 2 6, 8 Advertise Don’t Advertise Advertise Don’t Advertise Firm B Modified Advertising Game 10, 5 15, 0 20, 2 6, 8 Firm A Advertise Don’t Advertise Advertise Don’t Advertise Firm B Modified Advertising Game ? Observations ? A: No dominant strategy。 ? 中國農地利用面臨的主要問題：勞動力外出導致土地粗放式經(jīng)營甚至荒棄，而想進入
醫(yī)療健康相關推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1