中級宏觀經濟學aggregatedemandi(完整版)
【正文】 政府政策變量假設外生 : CHAPTER 10 7 計劃支出的圖 ine, output, Y E planned expenditure E =C +I +G MPC 1 CHAPTER 10 8 均衡狀態(tài)的圖 ine, output, Y E planned expenditure E =Y 45186。 ?《 通論 》 －總需求的變動會影響總收入。這種存貨的減少引起企業(yè)增雇工人，并增加生產，這些行為又增加了 GDP。 ?both views have some truth: Tax cuts stimulate aggregate supply by improving workers’ incentives and expand aggregate demand by raising households’ disposable ine CHAPTER 10 22 The Obama Spending Plan ?In January 2020, 美國經濟步入衰退。 price level as exogenous ? an increase in the money supply lowers the interest rate 4. LM curve ? es from Liquidity Preference Theory when money demand depends positively on ine ? shows all binations of r andY that equate demand for real money balances with supply CHAPTER 10 48 Chapter summary 5. ISLM model ? Intersection of IS and LM curves shows the unique point (Y, r ) that satisfies equilibrium in both the goods and money markets. CHAPTER 10 49 Preview of Chapter 11 In Chapter 11, we will ? use the ISLM model to analyze the impact of policies and shocks ? learn how the aggregate demand curve es from ISLM ? use the ISLM and ADAS models together to analyze the shortrun and longrun effects of shocks ? learn about the Great Depression using our models CHAPTER 10 50 。 ： 實際支出 (產出 ) = 計劃支出 IS 曲線方程是 : ( ) ( )Y C Y T I r G? ? ? ?CHAPTER 10 25 Y2 Y1 Y2 Y1 推導 IS曲線 ?r ? ?I Y E r Y E =C +I (r1 )+G E =C +I (r2 )+G r1 r2 E =Y IS ?I ? ?E ? ?Y CHAPTER 10 26 理解 IS 曲線的斜率 ?IS 曲線是負斜率 . ?直觀上 : 利率下降引起企業(yè)增加投資支出，增加了計劃支出 (E )。 CHAPTER 10 12 政府購買增加 Y E E =C +I +G1 E1 = Y1 E =C +I +G2 E2 = Y2 ?Y 在 Y1點 , unplanned drop in inventory … … 于是，企業(yè)增加產出和收入，并且收入提高到一個新的均衡水平 ?G
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