【正文】
velopment of petitive sources of local raw materials. Even in product areas in which China is expanding its exports, developing country suppliers that enhance their skills, technology, supply chains and marketing capabilities (through joint ventures, licensing arrangements) faster than China can still maintain their shares to the US market. Thirdly, an important strategic consideration that limits the petitive impact of China is the need on the part of multinationals to diversify their risk portfolios. US manufacturers and retailers are likely to adopt a diversified risk adjusted sourcing strategy that balances cost, speed to market as well as political and economic stability. They may not be prepared to rely on China for critical inputs beyond a certain threshold of risk. Furthermore, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean could be attractive options for US panies in some fashion sensitive segments of the industry where quick response or fast turnaround is important. Finally, existing US rules of origin requirements to qualify for free access to the US market have had unintended consequences. One of the requirements is that they have to use US yarn and fabric. This has had the effect of making their exports less petitive. The US may have to modify its rules of origin to allow developing countries to import from Asia or other petitive sources without losing their preferential status. 美國(guó)紡織品和服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)的貿(mào)易自由化和戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整模式 貝蕾塞尤姆 美國(guó) 國(guó)際商務(wù)評(píng)論,第 16期, 2020年 貝蕾在服裝 方面 , 低技術(shù)含量的生產(chǎn)工作已經(jīng)被轉(zhuǎn)移到低成本的國(guó)家 , 而高技術(shù)含量的生產(chǎn)工作仍然在本國(guó)進(jìn)行。重要的一點(diǎn)是識(shí)別企業(yè)的目標(biāo)顧客和評(píng)定企業(yè)是否能成功的滿足他們的需求。 本文建立了一個(gè)需求推動(dòng)模型 , 將其作為發(fā)展服裝紡織行業(yè)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)運(yùn)輸變的越來(lái)越小型化、越來(lái)越頻繁的時(shí)候 , 當(dāng)銷售的數(shù)據(jù)直接傳送到生產(chǎn)和負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸?shù)姆b生產(chǎn)商和供應(yīng)商那里的時(shí)候 , 零售商將保留少量的庫(kù)存。在紡織品和服裝行業(yè)的狹窄部門中 , 其他受 益的國(guó)家可能包括印度和巴基斯坦。在棉制睡衣方面 ( 配額的取消 ) , 中國(guó)占美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)份額在 2020 年從 25%上升到 39%, 而加勒比海國(guó)家的棉制睡衣在美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)份額從 13%下降到只有僅僅 的 3%。這需要在現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方法上進(jìn)行其他項(xiàng)目的投資 , 需要在當(dāng)?shù)卦牧蟻?lái)源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性上進(jìn)行發(fā)展。這已經(jīng)對(duì)他們出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力的減少產(chǎn)生了作用。 最后 , 現(xiàn)有的美國(guó)對(duì)原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則限制了對(duì)美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的自由獲取 , 這種規(guī)則已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了不可預(yù)料的結(jié)果。 其次 , 低工資并不意味著中國(guó)有相對(duì)的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。隨著 2020年配額的完全取消 , 這些國(guó)家很難在價(jià)格上進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在參加2020 年 2 月于邁阿密舉行的棉花來(lái)源會(huì)議的服裝執(zhí)行官中 , 大約有 87%的人認(rèn)為中國(guó)在不久以后將占有美國(guó)市場(chǎng)所有銷售服裝的 50%— 90%的份額 ( 國(guó)家勞動(dòng)委員會(huì) , 2020年 ) 。 ( 圖 7) 它同樣提供資金設(shè)備的銷售和技術(shù) , 這些都是使服裝生產(chǎn)滿足市場(chǎng)需求所必需的。美國(guó)紡織品企業(yè)同樣能夠利用墨西哥和歐盟之間的貿(mào)易協(xié)定 , 通過(guò)墨西哥將產(chǎn)品出口到歐盟和其他的國(guó)家。比如 , 在美國(guó)增長(zhǎng)最快的兩個(gè)服裝部門是女式的加大服裝部門和男式的大而高的服裝部門。紡織品產(chǎn)品是資本密集型的 , 這種高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品需要現(xiàn)代的技術(shù)來(lái)滿足增長(zhǎng)的需求。 accepted13 December 2020. The overall environment facing the US TC industry will be one of rapidly changing market conditions and technological innovation. With the phase out of quotas and growing number of trade agreements, the US TC industry is being exposed to intense petition in export and domestic markets. This is likely to lead domestic industries/labor to demand intervention by national governments to mitigate the adverse impact of trade liberalization (Standbury amp。塞尤姆 諾娃東南大學(xué),學(xué)院大道 3301,勞德代爾堡,佛羅里達(dá)