【正文】
control angle of changing size and frequency, AC AC voltage and frequency adjustment. Use the thyristor conduction performance, this study put the power to 2 convert AC power to DC power, and then by the use of SCR inverter main circuit, output threephase frequency and voltage can be adjusted, equivalent to a sinusoidal pulse width modulation wave ( SPWM wave ), AC DC AC variable frequency, drag the threephase asynchronous motor speed operation ( 45 ). 2 CNC lathe spindle speed control experiment system of variable frequency motor selection Due to the plexity of cutting process, the cutting force influencing factor is very much, therefore has not yet been derived and easy to calculate cutting force FX, FY, FZ theoretical formula, generally through a large number of experiments, the establishment of the experience formula to calculate cutting force. This study will back cutting depth, feed rate and cutting speed of 3 main factors as variable factors, and other factors, correction coefficient Indirect calculation, it can be FX, FY, FZ 3 ponent ( 6 ) empirical formula: ?????????????????? ( 2) Type : FZ FY cutting force。 the cutting and processing of the heterogeneity of the material, the main motor power should have a certain reserve ( 89 ). Selection of experimental system of Xinxiang City special motor manufacturing pany limited series of 4 YVP variable frequency motor rated power, rated torque of kW, 30 N m, the rated current of 12 A, with similar frequency conversion device matching, interchangeability, general strong, its power, foot mounting FZ = CFz fyFx considering the harmonic causes the output current increases, the converter drive motor, especially the reactance small highspeed motor, the capacity should be slightly larger than the mon motor selection。 PCN inverter rated capacity, kVA。 最后 , 簡要介紹了數(shù)控車床實驗平臺的設(shè)計思路 。 本研究主要探討數(shù)控車床實驗系統(tǒng)的主軸變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 。 本研究將背吃刀量 、 進(jìn)給量及切削速度 3 個主要因素作為可 變因素 , 而其他影響因素則用修正系數(shù) 間接計算 , 可以得出 FX, FY, FZ 3 個分力的經(jīng)驗公式 [ 6] : ? ( 2) FZ = CFz fyFx d— 工件直徑 。 變頻器供電下的異步電機(jī)運行條件發(fā)生了根本的變化 [ 7], 電機(jī)運行時 ,隨著變頻器的調(diào)調(diào)壓控制 , 機(jī)械特性曲線可以任意平移 , 這使異步電機(jī)在性能上大大改善 。 低速時轉(zhuǎn)矩平滑 , 無爬行現(xiàn)象 。 在數(shù)控車床實驗系統(tǒng)中 , 選擇變頻器時 , 變頻器的額定電流是一個關(guān)鍵量 。 PCN— 變頻器的額定容量 , kVA。 本研究選擇的變頻電機(jī)與變頻器配置合理 , 且其調(diào)整性能和啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩均能滿足系統(tǒng)要求 。 起動電流小 , 不用附加起動設(shè)備 , 低頻起動時力矩對負(fù)載沖擊小 。 5 結(jié)束語 變頻調(diào)速的應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛 , 在 50 Hz 以下可作恒轉(zhuǎn)矩運行 , 在 50 Hz 以上可作恒功率運行 , 是一種理想的調(diào)速控制方式 。 主軸調(diào)速的實驗裝置接線圖如圖 1 所示 ,TA、 TB、 TC 端子接外部控制電路 , PA、 PB 端子用來制動 , SVC、 0V 端子用來改變頻率 , COM、 SCW、 SCCW端子用控制電動機(jī)的 正反轉(zhuǎn) , QF 是空氣開關(guān) , 有隔離電源 、 斷路 、 過電流 、 欠電壓等保護(hù)作用 。 變頻器與異步電動機(jī)組成不同的調(diào)速系統(tǒng)時 , 變頻器容量的計算方法也不同 。 數(shù)控機(jī)床屬于連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn) , 連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)時所需的變頻器額定容量和額定電流應(yīng)滿足下式 : ??????????????????????( 4)??式中 : PM— 負(fù)載所要求的電動機(jī)的軸輸出功率 。 3 變頻器類型的選擇 在數(shù)控車床實驗系統(tǒng)中 , 主軸調(diào)速變頻 器的選型應(yīng)注意 : ① 變頻器是實現(xiàn)恒壓控制還是恒流控制 。 ② 變頻電機(jī)與普通電機(jī)機(jī)座號盡量相同 。 車削時 , FZ比 FY, FX大得多 ,而且 FY, FX方向上的運 動速度又很小 , 因此 , FY, FX所消耗的功率很小 ( 僅為 1% ~ 2%) , 故可忽略不計 。 fyFx fyFz 由式 ( 1) 知 , 改變電源的頻率 f, 電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速就隨之得到調(diào)節(jié) , 這就是變頻調(diào)速 。 關(guān)鍵詞 :變頻調(diào)速 。 speed smooth, wide scope, in 5 Hz ~ 100 Hz range stepless speed regulation。 and adopts the PWM control inverter, rectifier controllable converter, power factor is relatively low, the harmonic pollution is serious, cannot realize energy recycling, in demanding situations, rectifying and inverting process using PWM control of double PWM frequency converter ( 10 ). In the CNC lathe in the experiment system, selection of inverter, inverter current rating is a key quantity. The 4 pole above the motor or motor connected in parallel, must with total current does not exceed the rated current for the principle of frequency converter. CNC machine tool belongs to continuous operation, continuous operation to control the rated capacity and rated current should satisfy the type: ?????????????????????( 4) Type : PM load required motor power output shaft。 fyFx fyFz FX feeding force。6