【正文】 n Bosnia” (qtd. in Samovar 3). Additionally, the emergence of the information age has allowed us the opportunity to expand our knowledge so that the recognition of cultural differences need not result in hostile encounters. The above examples emphasize the changes that have taken place throughout the world and at home. Communication is an important mean of expressing yourself because it exists different ways of expression and so different kind of munication depending on the culture you belong to. The way of municating will not be the same as other countries and it is important to know some values of other cultures and so of other ways of municating for, first of all, avoiding some misunderstandings and then knowing better some aspects of different cultures. That is why crosscultural munication is an essential exercise to do。 they also create experience through language. They give meaning to it through the medium they choose to municate with one another, just like, speaking on the telephone or facetoface, writing a letter or sending an message, reading the newspaper or interpreting a graph or chart. The way in which people use the spoken, written, or visual medium itself XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 7 creates meanings that are understandable to the group they belong to, for example, through a speaker’s tone of voice, accent, conversational style, gestures and facial expressions. Finally, language symbolizes cultural reality. Language is a system of signs that is seen as having itself a cultural value. Speakers identify themselves and others through their use of language。16 Acknowledgments 9 Relationship between nonverbal munication and culture 3 2 Verbal factors in crosscultural munication 關(guān)鍵詞 : 跨文化交際、文化差異、語言因素、非語言因素 XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 iv Contents Introduction cultural differences。 1 Definition of crosscultural munication 5 Definition of verbal munication15 Works Cited and view of value system as privacy, etc. The inappropriateness discussed before mostly fall into the scope of sociopragmatic failure. These failures may directly lead to serious misunderstanding or even breakdowns in crosscultural munication. Sociopragmatic failure exists in cultural and value judgements, and taboo topics. When scholars study pragmatic failure, most of them pay more attention to sociopragmatic failure. It is the main pragmatic failure. In crosscultural munication, being unaware of each other’s respective social and cultural tradition, the interlocutors may participate in the munication with their own cultural values and use their own cultural systems to interpret the new situations they experience. What is considered an act of politeness in Chinese culture might be regarded as intrusion upon a person’s privacy by an English native speaker. To show warmth and concern is regarded as a polite act in Chinese culture. That is why when two Chinese meet each other even for the first time, they might ask about each other’s age, marital status, children, ine and the price of an item. However, in western culture it may be regarded as XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 9 impolite ask a person such questions which are considered too personal in pubilc. As has been shown above, inadequate pragmatic knowledge can lead to mismunication. 3 Nonverbal factors in crosscultural munication People can municate with each other through not only verbal munication but also nonverbal munication. Nonverbal factors are another major factors of influencing crosscultural munication. Understanding the relationship between nonverbal munication and culture, and the mon approaches of nonverbal munication, people will municate more effectively. Definition of nonverbal munication Nonverbal munication is usually understood as the process of munication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Nonverbal munication has been defined as munication without words. It includes apparent behaviors such as facial expressions, eyes, touching, and tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such as dress, posture and spatial distance between two or more people. Everything municates, including material objects, physical space, and time systems. Although verbal output can be turned off, nonverbal cannot. Even silence speaks. Commonly, nonverbal munication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and refined throughout a person’s lifetime. Children first learn nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating, much as they learn verbal skills. As children develop verbal skills, nonverbal channels of munication do not cease to exist although bee entwined in the total munication process. It is important to be aware of the dominance of the nonverbal factors. Relationship between nonverbal munication and culture Nonverbal munication and culture are similar, both of them are learned, passed on from generation to generation, and involve shared understandings. It should be obvious that the study of nonverbal factors is an XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 10 important ponent to the study of crosscultural munication. Much of our difficulty with people in other countries stems from the fact that so little is known about crosscultural munication. Culture is allpervasive, multidimensional, and boundless, it is everywhere and in everything. The same is true of nonverbal behaviors. Our clothes and jewelry, the countless experssions we can reflect with our face, the hundreds of movements we can make with our bodies, where and how we touch pe