【正文】 age sentence plications of relation the calculate way use the way of object description, to a large extent simplification logarithms according to of search, speed development of efficiency. Have in the Hibernate a simple but keep the API of view, used for to the database mean of object performance search. Want to establish or the modification be these objects, need in the procedure carry on with them to hand over with each other, then tell Hibernate to keep. So, a great deal of pack hold out for long time turn operation of business logic no longer demand write a trivial JDBC language sentence, make data last long thus the layer got biggest of simplification. Use the Struts realization MVC structure MVC(ModelViewController) is put forward by the Trygve Reenskaug, first drive application in the environment SmallTalk80, is many to hand over with each other with interface system of constitute foundation. According to the need of variable of the interface design, MVC hand over with each other constitute of system to resolve into model and see diagram, controller three part. Model(Model) is software processing problem logic at independence in outside manifestation under contents and form circumstance of inside abstract, packed the core data, logic of problem and function of calculation relation, independence in concrete of interface expression and I/O operation. See diagram(View) mean information and particular form demonstration of model data and logic relation and appearance to the customer. It acquire a manifestation information from the model, there can be many for homology of information dissimilarity of manifestation form or see diagram. The controller(Controller) is a processing the customer hand over with software with each other operation of, its job is control provide model in any variety of dissemination, insure a customer interface among the model of rightness should contact。可訂制的操作 ,可訂制的視圖方案 :通過(guò) name/value Map靈活的模型傳送 ,用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法從簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜操作映射和視圖方案策略 。 一個(gè)控制器執(zhí)行可以通過(guò)response 返回 ModelAndView 對(duì)象 null 就可以直接寫(xiě)到一個(gè)視圖 里， 在 一般情況下 ,一個(gè) ModelAndView 實(shí)例結(jié)合了一個(gè) view 和一個(gè) model Map,包含了 bean name 和通訊對(duì)象 (像命令或者 form,參考數(shù)據(jù)等等 )。 換句話說(shuō) ,它通?？梢院芎玫闹苯?綁 定你的業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)象 。 或 者 用 DataSource TransactionManager or HibernateTransactionManager 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù) 庫(kù)交換。這樣的目標(biāo)更好的重用和易測(cè) ,過(guò)分依靠不必要的容器和框架將不能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。在 Struts中，主要存在三種 Bean，分別是： Action，ActionForm， EJB或者 Java Bean。 ActionServlet是一個(gè)通用的控制組件。通常一個(gè)視圖對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)控制器。要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建或修改這些對(duì)象，只需在程序中與它們進(jìn)行交互，然后告訴 Hibernate保存即可。目前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基本上都是關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，而 Java本質(zhì)上是一種面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z(yǔ)言，對(duì)象在存儲(chǔ)和讀取時(shí)使用 SQL和JDBC進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作，降低了編程的效率以及系統(tǒng)的可維護(hù)性； (2)傳統(tǒng)的 J2EE應(yīng)用多采用基于 EJB的重量級(jí)框架，這種框架適合于開(kāi)發(fā)大型企業(yè)應(yīng)用，但是使用 EJB容器進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)和調(diào)試需要耗費(fèi)大量時(shí)間。為了降低代碼的耦合性，提高系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)效率，本文提出了一種基于 Struts框架、 Hibernate框架 和 Spring框架 的 J2EE應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)策略。這樣，大量封裝持久化操作的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯不再需要編寫(xiě)煩瑣的 JDBC語(yǔ)句，從而使數(shù)據(jù)持久層得到了極大的簡(jiǎn)化。模型、視圖與控制器的分離，使得一個(gè)模型可以具有多個(gè)顯示視圖。這個(gè)控制組件提供了處理所有發(fā)送到 Struts的 HTTP請(qǐng)求的入口點(diǎn) ， 它截取和分發(fā)這些請(qǐng)求到相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作類（這些動(dòng)作類都是 Action類的子類）。 Struts框架沒(méi)有具體定義模型層的實(shí)現(xiàn)，在實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)中，模型層通常是和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯緊密相連的，并且要對(duì)底層數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行操作。 當(dāng)然 ,Spring 有 自己的 web 支持和通?？蚣苣Ｊ?細(xì)致完整 。 Spring 框架通過(guò)配置操作 mappings,展示 resolution,本地化和模版集成圍繞著分派請(qǐng)求操作的 servletDispatcherServlet 設(shè)計(jì)的 。 這也是和 struts圍繞請(qǐng)求基礎(chǔ)類 Action 和 ActionForm (每個(gè) action 操作類型 ) 建立主要的不同之一 。 View 名稱是非常高端的配置 ， 不是通過(guò) bean name,一個(gè) properties 文件就是通過(guò)你自己的 ViewResolver.這個(gè)抽象的 model Map 允許你在視圖層面完成提取 ,沒(méi)有任何的爭(zhēng)辯JSP/Velocity 或者其他 ,每一種都可以直接完整使用 .這個(gè) model Map 還可以簡(jiǎn)單得得到適當(dāng)?shù)母袷交瘮?shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)換 ,像 JSP 請(qǐng)求屬性或者 Velocity 模版模式 . 如果你不想用 Spring的 web MVC， 但是想借用 Spring嫁接 其他的解決方案 ,你可以非常簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò) Spring 繼承你自己的 web 框架 ， 你可以非常簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)ContextLoaderListener 啟動(dòng)一個(gè) Spring root application context,并且 ,通過(guò) Struts 或者 WebWork 的 action 利用 ServletContext 屬性 (或者 Spring 的helper 方法 )存取它 。 以在 J2EE應(yīng)用中非常普遍的用戶登錄過(guò)程為例來(lái)說(shuō)明上述體系結(jié)構(gòu)是如何具體運(yùn)用的。 It accept a customer of importation, give176。s Hessian/Burlap. The framework is designed to grow with the needs of your applications, in terms of technology choice: For example, you will probably use JTA via Spring39。 properties as Strings in your form objects, just to be able to handle invalid submissions, or to convert the Strings properly. Instead, it39。s services can be at your fingertips even without Spring39。t pete with Struts or WebWork in this usage, it just addresses the many areas that the pure web frameworks don39。s view resolution is extremely flexible. A Controller implementation can even write a view directly to the response, returning null as ModelAndView. In the normal case, a ModelAndView instance consists of a view name and a model Map, containing bean n