鄉(xiāng)村旅游與可持續(xù)發(fā)展外文資料翻譯-其他專業(yè)(完整版)
【正文】 urism. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT The concept of sustainable development was introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development in the Brundtland Report in 1987, defining sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without promising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Tourism is one of the foremost economic activities around the world, having transported more than 617 million people internationally and generated 448 billion USD in receipts in 1997 (WTO, 1998). It is a major economic force, having generated in 1996 an estimated 3, billion USD in gross output, creating employment for app. 255 million people, producing app. per cent of world gross domestic product, investing app. 766 billion USD in new facilities and equipment annually, and contributing more than app. billion USD to global tax revenue (WTTC, 1996). The volume and significance of tourism clearly shows that it is not enough to develop new forms of alternative tourism in order to minimise the negative and maximise the positive impacts of tourism development. The whole sector must be developed and managed in a way that it does not damage the natural and sociocultural environment and this is the responsibility of the worldwide tourism industry. Though the Brundtland report made no special reference to tourism, since its publication, the role of tourism in the process of continuously misusing the Earth39。 physical, economic and sociocultural characteristics. In order to avoid or minimise unfavourable impacts, decisionmakers must be aware of all the factors that play a role in the development process. In the measurement of the progress that an individual destination is making towards sustainable tourism development, sustainability indicators are monly accepted as one set of useful tools. INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY Indicators measure information with which decisionmakers may reduce the chances of unknowingly taking poor decisions (WTO, 1996). In other words, indicators are a set of useful measures of those factors that are important to the decisionmakers (the relative significance of these factors depend on their relevance to the development objectives of a given destination, and on their importance to tourists).Indicators are both a tool for management today and an investment in the future, since they reduce the risk of inadvertent damage to the resource base on which the [tourist] industry depends (WTO, 1996). Based on different guidelines and remendations (Tourism Concern amp。 Mowforth amp。 旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展 ： 可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念 的提出： 1987年世界環(huán)境與發(fā)展委員會(huì) 在 布倫特蘭 會(huì)議中 確定了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念 ， “ 以滿足目前的需要，而又不損害子孫后
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