【正文】 ing . 李雷已經決定去北京。 28. first of all 首先 . to begin with 一開始 later on 后來、隨 29. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中間 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句 ) 常在句末 =as well 30. make mistakes 犯錯 mistake sb. for … 把??錯認為?? make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出錯 by mistake 錯誤地；由于搞錯 mistakemistookmistaken 如： I often make mistakes. 我經常犯錯。 spoken English 口頭英語 speaking 講話的，說某種語言的。 、 both、 always 以及 every 復合詞與 not 連用構成部分否定。 ② loud可作形容詞或副詞。例： by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具 例： by bus/car ④在??之前，到??為止。例： I learn English by listening to tapes. ②在? ..旁邊。 如 : He read the story aloud to his 。 noise 指噪音、吵鬧聲 6. find + 賓語 + 賓補（名詞 形容詞 介詞短語 分詞等） 例： I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden. We found him in bed. He found the window closed. We found her honest. 7. 常見的系動詞有： ①是： am 、 is、 are ②保持： keep、 stay ③ 轉變： bee、 get、 turn ④ ??起來 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound 8. get + 賓語 +賓補（形容詞 過去分詞 動詞不定式） 使某種情況發(fā)生 例： Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干凈 Get Mr. Green to e. 讓格林先生進來 I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行車 You can’ t get him waiting. 你不能讓他老等著 9. 動詞不定式做定語 ①與所修飾的名詞構成主謂關系 The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to e. ②與所修飾的名詞構成動賓關系 I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 10. practice , fun 做名詞為不可數名詞 11. add 補充說 又說 12. join 加入某團體 并成為其中一員 attend 出席參加會議或講座 join in 與 take part in 指參加到某項活動中去。 instead of doing sth. 作為某人或某事物的替換 例： Let’ s play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. Give me the red one instead of the green one. 口頭的，口語的。 ② end up with sth. 以?結束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚會以她的歌唱而告終。 句中的 it 是形式主語，真正的主語是 to study English 37. practice doing 練習做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她經常練習說英語 。 49. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的幫助下 如： with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的幫助下 50. pare … to … 把 … 與 … 相比 如： Compare you to Anna, you are ，你是幸運的。 ’ s amazing how much this helped. 我驚異于這些方法竟如此有用。 no longer (用在 句中 )=not? any longer (用在句尾 ) 指時間 . 9. right: ① adj. 正確的 , 右邊的② n. 右方 , 權利③ adv. 直接地 . 10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot. 11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與 can, be able to 連用 . 例 : Can you afford a new car? The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries. 12. as well as 連詞 , 不但?而且? 強調前者 . (若引導主語 , 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致 例 : Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水 , 還需要空氣和陽光 . I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅是他們 , 我也愿意幫助你 . 13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人 . lonely 孤獨的 , 寂寞的 . 14. in the last/past + 一段時間 during the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用 . 15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的 ) 16. play the piano 彈鋼琴 17. ① be/ bee interested in sth. 對 … 感興趣 ② be interested in doing sth. 對做 … 感興趣 ③ show great interest in 在??方面產生極大的興趣 ④ a place of interest 一處名勝 some places of interest 如： He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他對數學感興趣，但是他對說英語不感興趣。 (home 的前面不能用 to) 26. hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有 hard 困難的；猛烈地 hardly