【正文】 類型的食品供應鏈在中國較為普遍，在中國農業(yè)產業(yè)化不發(fā)達的地區(qū),由于缺乏一端連接上游農戶，另一端聯(lián)結銷售市場、專門從事農產品加工的龍頭企業(yè)以及相應的中間環(huán)節(jié)，農產品生產往往和市場需求相脫節(jié)。在發(fā)達國家及物流發(fā)展較為成熟的大城市里，這種食品供應鏈經常表現(xiàn)為集中采購、統(tǒng)一流通配送和減少不增值的物流環(huán)節(jié),以實現(xiàn)節(jié)約成本的精益物流戰(zhàn)略。因此，這種食品供應鏈是一種綜合型、多品種、大批量和多頻次的混合型供應鏈體系。因為在食品和農產品市場上不僅存在大量單一的谷類和肉類產品，而且也有根據消費者不同的偏好和口味量身定制的食品。例如，在美國大多數要求召回的食品和農產品都被公布在美國農業(yè)部食品安全和檢驗服務的官方網站上，以便消費者根據食品包裝的標識信息來判定有問題的食品和農產品。特別是有些企業(yè)采用了基于質量安全的食品供應鏈的高新技術追溯系統(tǒng)，如農場主使用電子耳標識和相關數據收集卡來跟蹤食品和農產品的免疫記錄、健康記錄和飼養(yǎng)記錄等。 G, DELL, the pany39。s food and agricultural products in large supermarkets(such as 711, Royal Ahe, Carrefour, Sainsburry and TESCO)sold large supermarkets in order to meet the market for agricultural products, quality consistency and supply stability requirements, the supplier of a rigorous , the implementation of the Royal Ahe supermarket fresh food supply chain management, will be vendors from the original 250 was reduced to about 60, so that the logistics system more efficient and the upper reaches of the sharp drop in the number of suppliers of agricultural products and the continuous expansion of the supermarket chain, this food supply chain, upstream suppliers and downstream number of supermarket chains showed symmetrical growth development in developed and more mature cities, this has been expressed in the food supply chain, centralized purchasing, reduce nonuniform flow distribution and valueadded logistics sectors, in order to achieve cost savings of lean logistics ．mixed food supply consumer demand for food and agricultural products market diversification, the proportion of food and agricultural processing has gradually to the statistics that the United States in 2002 raw and processed vegetables for 15% and 85%。s increasing demands for food consumption, the inevitable , the causes are:(1)the consumer fresh food and agricultural products have bee increasingly demanding and require delivery of food and agricultural products, the production period as short as possible.(2)consumers of food and agricultural products quality requirements have bee more sophisticated, forcing food manufacturers to implement the food supply chain management to ensure a stable supply of raw materials upstream and downstream sales channels.(3)food quality and safety of consumers are increasingly concerned order to meet consumer demand for food and agricultural products in the type and quantity requirements, panies continue to seek and develop new technologies, and new technologies and new methods of excessive use(such as pesticides, hormones, antibiotics and genetically modified technology, etc.)to meet the consumer demand, but also inevitably produced a hazard causing human food quality and safety is because buyers and sellers in the market information asymmetry, consumers in the purchase of food or agricultural products, the products do not understand the health, environmental and safety , enterprises need in all aspects of the production process inspection and testing of products and timely disclosure of information to consumers.(4)food and agricultural panies forced the government, Relevant socialw organizations and consumer demands and pressure to press the food supply chain to example, EU regulations , as from 2004 in all EUwide sales of food, must be implemented to track and trace food supply chain。同理，企業(yè)對食品供應鏈信息跟蹤的寬度、深度和精度也反映出其對基于質量安全的食品供應鏈的成本和收益的一種綜合取向。通過采用EAN/UCC128條碼符號、GLN(全球位置碼)可以對食品供應鏈全過程中的產品及其屬性信息和參與方信息等進行有效的標識。，減少食品和農產品召回成本。、谷類和油菜以及牛肉制品的調查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，三者經食品供應鏈跟蹤后，在食品質量安全方面出現(xiàn)了很大的差異。其他國家的情況也大致如此。,曼谷有50%的食品和農產品是在大型超市(如71皇家阿荷、家樂福、Sainsburry和TESCO)售出的。由于農產品易腐爛，農產品生產者不可能直接銷售自己的產品,需要通過必要的中間商提供服務,如第三方物流、農產品深加工商和批發(fā)商等所提供的相應服務。根據食品和農產品物流的發(fā)展階段,典型的食品供應鏈可劃分為啞鈴型、T型、對稱型和混合型四種類型。(3)消費者對食品的質量安全也越來越關注。G、DELL 等公司的經營管理以后,食品和農產品行業(yè)也紛紛效仿并借助供應鏈管理這一工具來提高自身的競爭力。可持續(xù)裝飾材料在環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內設計組件上的運用比在室內空氣質量和人類幸福上運用的更少。研究表明，雖然室內設計師認為環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內設計十分重要，但是他在室內工程中的運用卻沒有達到認知的同等水平。環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內設計將不被運用于室內設計工程中是有不同原因的。發(fā)展和執(zhí)行一個管理廢舊材料的計劃；減少并循環(huán)利用廢舊包裹；提供一個方便材料分類、收集和儲存的區(qū)域。2．3環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內設計在建筑物使用期限內，最大限度地減少室內設計在環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的消極影響，增大其積極作用。2．2調查內容此次調查信息來自于同一時段，問卷共提出了35個問題，包括設計師的信息、環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內設計實踐等。但是需指出目前環(huán)境問題在設計過程階段還為有重要影響。研究表明在傳統(tǒng)室內設計準則中，裝潢材料主要根據客戶的喜好、需求、美學和成本二選擇，材料對環(huán)境的影響并未視為像其他選擇標準同等重要。因此，本研究探討環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內設計的實踐。s station, to the librarian39。s valorization of , the bias against interior designers and the realmof the interior itself continues to discussions of the interior have been hampered by its popular perception as a container of , conventional views of the interior have been fraught with biases: class biases related to centuriesold associations with tradesmen and gender biases related to the depiction of the decorating profession as primarily the domain of women and gay a result, the credibility of the interior as an expression of cultural values has been seriously , the conditions and the light in which cultureatlarge is understood are changing under the impact of distinctions between “high” culture and “l(fā)ow” culture are dissipating in a more tolerant climate that encourages the crossfertilization between the two , there are more frequent instances of productive borrowings among architecture, design, and decoration, once considered exclusive while the fields of architecture, interior design, and interior decoration still have different educational protocols and different concentrations of emphasis, they are showing a greater mutuality of way to think of this emergent synthesis is to substitute the triad of “architecture, interior design, and decoration” with “modernity, technology, and history.” One of the hallmarks of the postmodern era is a heightened awareness of the role of the past in shaping the the interior, this manifests itself in a renewed interest in ornament, in evidence of craft and materiality, and in spatial plexities, all running parallel to the ongoing project of more significantly, there is a new elasticity in , the traditional typologies of the interior—house, loft, office, restaurant, and so on—strain to control their of programmatic convergences can clearly be seen in public and mercial spaces that aspire to be both mo