【正文】
學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 8 《 土木工程與建筑》 , 2021,12( 6) :4150 淺談土木工程概論 曹燕 (江蘇省 宿遷市正宏城建設(shè)計(jì)研究院 ,宿遷 223800) 摘 要 : 土木工程是個(gè)龐大的學(xué)科,但最主要的是建筑,建筑無論是在中國還是在國外, 都有著悠久的歷史,長期的發(fā)展歷程。對(duì)土木工程的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用的, 首先是作為工程物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的土木 建筑材料,其次是隨之發(fā)展起來的設(shè)計(jì)理論和施工技術(shù)。 直至 18~ 19 世紀(jì),在長達(dá)兩 千多年時(shí)間里,磚和瓦一直是土木工程的重要建筑材料,為人類文明 作出了偉大的貢獻(xiàn),甚至在目前還被廣泛采用。為適應(yīng)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程發(fā)展的需要,在牛頓力學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上,材料力學(xué)、 結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué) 、工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)理論等就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 土木工程進(jìn)入了鋼筋混凝土和預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土占統(tǒng)治地位的歷史時(shí)期。 遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代,人們就開始修筑簡陋的房舍、道路、橋梁和溝澶,以 滿足簡單的生活和生產(chǎn)需要。 土木工程是具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐性的學(xué)科。 二是只有進(jìn)行新的工程實(shí)踐, 才能揭示新的問題。 參考文獻(xiàn) 吳瑾等編 . 土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì) . 北京:科學(xué)出版社, 2021 閻西康主編 .土木工程施工 .北京:中國建材工業(yè)出版社, 2021 閻興華,黃新主編 . 土木工程概論 . 北京 . 人民交通出版社, 2021 段樹金主編 . 土木工程概論 . 北京 . 中國鐵道出版社, 2021 John S. Scott,土木工程 的詞典 ,第四版 ,1991年 ,企鵝圖書出版商 R. S. Narayanan amp。龐軍偉 。培養(yǎng)面向 21世紀(jì)的土木工程應(yīng)用型 人才 [J]。王晶 。2021年 24期 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 14 劉瑜 。 利用項(xiàng)目管理信息平臺(tái)、電子郵件、視頻會(huì)議系統(tǒng)三種體系,為項(xiàng)目提供 了一種先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代化信息傳遞和交換 手段,使項(xiàng)目信息共享更及時(shí)、更靈活、更 廣泛,并具備了實(shí)施異地交互討論的環(huán)境,參與項(xiàng)目的人員在世界范圍內(nèi)的任何 地方都可以方便的查看項(xiàng)目管理信息,總部管理人員也可以同時(shí)訪問其他地方項(xiàng) 目管理信息,隨時(shí)了解項(xiàng)目總體情況,通過這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫把公司本部、公司分部、 施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、分包商等緊密地聯(lián)系在一起,創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)異地協(xié)同工作的環(huán)境,并可 實(shí)施異地指揮和控制。 在土木工程的發(fā)展過程中,工程實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)常先行于理論,工程事 故常顯示出未能預(yù)見的新因素,觸發(fā)新理論的研究濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 12 和發(fā)展。產(chǎn)業(yè)革命以后,特別是到了 20 世紀(jì),一方面社會(huì)向土木工程提出 了新的需求;另一方面,社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域?yàn)橥聊竟こ痰那斑M(jìn)創(chuàng)造了良好 的條件。 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 11 因而土木工程是一門范圍廣闊的綜合性學(xué)科。 十九世紀(jì)中葉以后,鋼鐵產(chǎn)量激增,隨之出現(xiàn)了鋼 筋混凝土這種新型的復(fù)合建筑材料,其中鋼筋承擔(dān)拉力,混凝土承擔(dān) 壓力,發(fā)揮了各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 于是適應(yīng)發(fā)展需要的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)得到蓬勃發(fā)展。最早的磚 出現(xiàn)在公元 前五世紀(jì)至公元前三世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)國時(shí)的墓室中。 關(guān)鍵詞: 土木工程;建筑;力學(xué);材料。 2021. Civil engineering construction of informatization [J]。s scientific management, technological progress, and the bination of using the global information industry promotion experience, learn the line of informatization construction of results from industry, enterprise and engineering practice, the research development general solutions and individual solutions, ply with government to promote and market guide, enterprise39。 materials Civil engineering it is to build the kind of engineering collectively. It meant that and military project counterparts. In English, the historical process, mechanical Engineering soil carpentry, electrical Engineering, chemical Engineering belongs to Civil Engineering, because they have a practical to Civil Engineering Papers Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leapstyle development. 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 2 People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture. The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present. The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nieenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the e