【正文】 如何運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)于控制圖如何運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)于控制圖 ? How do we use these statistics on control charts?z收集數(shù)據(jù) 數(shù)目或量度某物 Collect data count or measure something. z z于控制圖上畫上數(shù)值 Plot the data on the control chart. z 或 ... OR . . . z計(jì)算統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)值于控制圖上畫上數(shù)值 Calculate a statistic and plot the statistic on the chart.SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202317 z什么數(shù)據(jù)需要收集 ? What data do we need? z為什么需要收集數(shù)據(jù) ? Why do we need to collect data? z如何得到數(shù)據(jù) ? How will we get the data? z何時(shí)收集數(shù)據(jù) 。 different suppliers 設(shè)備變異 : 保養(yǎng)時(shí)間 ,損耗 ,調(diào)校過(guò)程 Machine Variation: maintenance schedules, wear tear, calibration process 人為變異 : 技巧及經(jīng)驗(yàn) ,身材及體能 ,態(tài)度及紀(jì)律 People Variation: skill experience, size strength, attitude discipline a 方法變異 : 程序文件 ,文件維持 Method Variation: documentation of procedures, maintenance of documentation 環(huán)境變異 : 時(shí)間 ,天氣 ,廠房位置 ,空氣污染 Environmental Variation: time, weather, location of plant, air contamination SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202348 變異結(jié)果變異結(jié)果Consequences of Variation 流程中太多一般原因?qū)е碌淖儺? Too much mon cause variation in a process 流程中出現(xiàn)特別原因?qū)е碌淖儺? An occurrence of special cause variation in a processy 影響工作 disruption in work y 生產(chǎn)力下降 lost productivity y 報(bào)廢及返工 scrap and rework y 甩交貨期 missed delivery datesy 不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品表現(xiàn) variable product performance y 不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)量 erratic product yields y 不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品特性 variations in product featuresAAAAAAA AAAAAAA SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202349 Cp及及 Cpk值值Value of Cp and Cpk z根據(jù)規(guī)格評(píng)估流程表現(xiàn) . Evaluate process performance against specs. z決定流程是否能滿足新規(guī)格要求 . Determine if process can meet new specs. z根據(jù) Cpk及 Cp值的距離制訂改善目標(biāo) . Set improvement goal based on distance between Cpk and Cp. z評(píng)估供應(yīng)商 . Evaluate suppliers. z用于銷售過(guò)程的一部分 . Use as part of sales process.SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202350 Cpk 量度流程設(shè)定量度流程設(shè)定Cpk Measures Process Setting z 比較流程中間值設(shè)定及目標(biāo) . Compares setting of process center (average) to target. z z 基本定律 : Cpk要求最少 General rule aim for Cpk of minimumUSL LSL 目標(biāo) Target 流程中間值 Process Center 偏離中間值 Off Center!! SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202351 Cpk 例子例子Cpk Examples Cpk良好 Good CpkCpk差 Poor CpkLSL USL LSL USL SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202352 Cp量度流程分布量度流程分布Cp Measures Process Spread z 比較可接受變異 (A)及實(shí)際變異 (B) Compare allowable variation (B) to actual variation (A). z z B = USL LSL z z A=6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 A = 6 standard deviations z z Cp = B/ALSL USL A B SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202353 Cp 必須大于必須大于 1Cp Should Be Greater Than 1 顯示于實(shí)際變異少于可接受變異 Indicates actual variation is less than allowable variation.LSL USL LSL USL LSL USL Cp大于 1 Cp greater than 1Cp = 1Cp小于 1 Cp less than 1SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202354 Cp 總結(jié)總結(jié)Cp Conclusions z數(shù)值越大越好 ! The bigger the number, the better! zCp的缺點(diǎn) 只能顯示流程分布 ,但不能顯示是否符合規(guī)格 Deficiency of Cp It shows only the spread of process, but not the pliance to specification. z例子：兩流程的 Cp一樣。 監(jiān)控變異 To monitor variation. 216。 Shifts 偏移Control Chart 控制圖控制圖 統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù) Statistical 流程 Process 控制 Control LCL UCL 什么是 SPC?What is SPC?SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 20236 Measurement 測(cè)量 Cause—Effect Diagram 因果圖（魚骨圖）因果圖（魚骨圖）Effect 果果 Machine 機(jī) Environment 環(huán)境 Man 人 Material 物料 Methods 方法 Cause 因因 什么是 SPC?What is SPC?SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 20237 Pareto Diagram 柏拉圖柏拉圖DefectivesScratch Plughole Open Short什么是什么是 SPC?What is SPC?SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 20238 – Determine Key Product Characteristics 介定關(guān)鍵的產(chǎn)品特性– Determine Key Variables 介定關(guān)鍵的變量– Plan the Matrix of Validation Tests 計(jì)劃確認(rèn)測(cè)試的矩陣 DOE 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)什么是 SPC?What is SPC?SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 20239 216。 Function affected 被影響的功能 216。 盡早指出流程問(wèn)題 To identify process problems as early as possible.為什么 ? Why? SPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202320 如何收集數(shù)據(jù)如何收集數(shù)據(jù) ?How do we collect the data? 如何 ? How? 收集數(shù)據(jù) Collect data 我們需要一個(gè)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)我們需要一個(gè)測(cè)量系統(tǒng) We need a measurement system. z 方法 技巧 ,工具 ,經(jīng)培訓(xùn)的員工 Method technique, tool, trained people z 記錄 數(shù)據(jù)收集表格 ,表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)的格式 (即控制圖 ) Record data collection sheet, format to present data (., control chart) z z 計(jì)劃 負(fù)責(zé)人 ,收集數(shù)據(jù)地點(diǎn) ,頻率 ,時(shí)間 Plan who, where, how often, whenSPC for Operators Version – Mar. 10, 202321 何時(shí)及何處收集數(shù)據(jù)何時(shí)及何處收集數(shù)據(jù) ?When where do we get the data? 那一個(gè)比較好 ? Which is better?流程中作測(cè)量 Measure online 最后檢查 Inspe