【正文】 he place where the contract is executed.第三十四條承諾生效的地點為合同成立的地點。Article 37 If, in making a contract in the form of a contract instrument, a party has already performed the major obligations pending the signature or seal and the other party has accepted the performance, the contract shall be considered as executed.第三十七條采用合同書形式訂立合同，在簽字或者蓋章之前，當事人一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務，對方接受的，該合同成立。格式條款和非格式條款不一致的，應當采用非格式條款。Article 45 The parties may agree to attach conditions on the validity of the contract. A contract with collateral conditions on its entry into effect shall bee effective upon the fulfillment of the conditions. A contract with collateral conditions on its dissolution shall lose its validity upon the fulfillment of the conditions.第四十五條當事人對合同的效力可以約定附條件。Article 47 A contract entered into by a person with limited civil capacity may bee valid only after ratification by his legal agent. However, a contract of such kind which is purely profitmaking or the making of which is patible to the age, intelligence and mental health of the person concerned needs no ratification by his legal agent.第四十七條限制民事行為能力人訂立的合同，經(jīng)法定代理人追認后，該合同有效，但純獲利益的合同或者與其年齡、智力、精神健康狀況相適應而訂立的合同，不必經(jīng)法定代理人追認。合同被追認之前，善意相對人有撤銷的權(quán)利。（一）一方以欺詐、脅迫的手段訂立合同，損害國家利益；(2) there is malicious conspiracy causing damage to the interests of the State, of the collective or of a third party。 or（一）因重大誤解訂立的；(2) any contract the making of which lacks fairness.（二）在訂立合同時顯失公平的。合同部分無效，不影響其他部分效力的，其他部分仍然有效。 if they are unable to reach a supplementary agreement, the problem shall be determined in accordance with the related clauses of the contract or with trade practices.第六十一條合同生效后，當事人就質(zhì)量、價款或者報酬、履行地點等內(nèi)容沒有約定或者約定不明確的，可以協(xié)議補充；不能達成補充協(xié)議的，按照合同有關(guān)條款或者交易習慣確定。（三）履行地點不明確，給付貨幣的，在接受貨幣一方所在地履行；交付不動產(chǎn)的，在不動產(chǎn)所在地履行；其他標的，在履行義務一方所在地履行。 and the original price shall be the fulfilling price if the price goes down.第六十三條執(zhí)行政府定價或者政府指導價的，在合同約定的交付期限內(nèi)政府價格調(diào)整時，按照交付時的價格計價。一方在對方履行之前有權(quán)拒絕其履行要求。Article 65 Where the parties agree that a third party shall discharge the debts to the creditor and where the third party fails to do so or fails to meet its liability as contracted, the debtor shall bear the liability for breach of contract to the creditor.第六十五條當事人約定由第三人向債權(quán)人履行債務的，第三人不履行債務或者履行債務不符合約定，債務人應當向債權(quán)人承擔違約責任。 and（五）履行方式不明確的，按照有利于實現(xiàn)合同目的的方式履行。（二）價款或者報酬不明確的，按照訂立合同時履行地的市場價格履行；依法應當執(zhí)行政府定價或者政府指導價的，按照規(guī)定履行。Article 59 If the parties impair by malicious conspiracy the interests of the State, of the collective or of a third party, the property they have thus obtained shall be returned to the State, the collective or the third party.第五十九條當事人惡意串通，損害國家、集體或者第三人利益的，因此取得的財產(chǎn)收歸國家所有或者返還集體、第三人。s court or arbitration institution shall not rescind it.當事人請求變更的，人民法院或者仲裁機構(gòu)不得撤銷。Article 53 The following clauses on liability exemption in a contract shall be invalid:第五十三條合同中的下列免責條款無效(1) those causing physical injury to the other party。Article 51 Where a person without the right of disposal disposes of another39。撤銷應當以通知的方式作出。 where either party unjustifiably hastens the fulfillment of the conditions, the conditions shall be deemed as not fulfilled.當事人為自己的利益不正當?shù)刈柚箺l件成就的，視為條件已成就；不正當?shù)卮俪蓷l件成就的，視為條件不成就。Article 43 Neither party may disclose or inappropriately exploit business secrets obtained in the making of a contract no matter the contract is executed or not. The party that discloses or inappropriately exploits the said business secrets causing thus loss to the other party shall hold the liability for the loss.第四十三條當事人在訂立合同過程中知悉的商業(yè)秘密，無論合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正當?shù)厥褂谩tandard clauses means the clauses that are formulated in anticipation by a party for the purpose of repeated usage and that are not a result of consultation with the other party in the making of the contract.格式條款是當事人為了重復使用而預先擬定，并在訂立合同時未與對方協(xié)商的條款。s habitual residence is the place of execution of the contract. Where the parties stipulate otherwise, such stipulations shall govern.采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，收件人的主營業(yè)地為合同成立的地點；沒有主營業(yè)地的，其經(jīng)常居住地為合同成立的地點。Article 31 If an acceptance makes nonsubstantial changes to the content of the offer, the acceptance shall be effective notwithstanding and the content of the contract shall thus be based on the content of the acceptance, unless the offeror indicates in time its objection thereto, or as indicated in the offer, the acceptance may not make any change to the content of the offer.第三十一條承諾對要約的內(nèi)容作出非實質(zhì)性變更的，除要約人及時表示反對或者要約表明承諾不得對要約的內(nèi)容作出任何變更的以外，該承諾有效，合同的內(nèi)容以承諾的內(nèi)容為準。承諾不需要通知的，根據(jù)交易習慣或者要約的要求作出承諾的行為時生效Where a contract is made in the form of text in electronic data, the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 16 of this Law shall be applicable to the time of arrival of the acceptance.采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，承諾到達的時間適用本法第十六條第二款的規(guī)定。Article 23 An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time limit fixed by the offer.第二十三條　承諾應當在要約確定的期限內(nèi)到達要約人。Article 19 An offer may not be revoked under any of the following conditions:第十九條　有下列情形之一的，要約不得撤銷：(1)the offeror has specified a time limit for the acceptance, or has explicitly indicated in any other manner the irrevocability of the offer。Article 16 An offer bees effective when it reaches the offeree.第十六條　要約到達受要約人時生效。 （七）違約責任；(8) dispute settlement.（八）解決爭議的方法。Article 11 Written form as used herein means any form which renders the information contained in a contract capable of being reproduced in tangible form such as a written agreement, a letter, or electronic text (including telegram, telex, facsimile, electronic data interchange and ).第十一條書面形式是指合同書、信件和數(shù)據(jù)電文（包括電報、電傳、傳真、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和電子郵件）等可以有形地表現(xiàn)所載內(nèi)容的形式。Article 7 The parties shall, in making and fulfilling the contract, abide by laws and administrative regulations and respect social ethics, and may not disrupt the socioeconomic order nor impair social and public interests.第七條當事人訂立、履行合同，應當遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，尊重社會公德，不得擾亂社會經(jīng)濟秩序，損害社會公共利益Article 8 A legally executed contract has legal binding force on the parties. The parties shall fulfill their obligations as contracted, and may not arbitrarily modify or terminate the contract.第八條依法成立的合同，對