【正文】 The best title for this passage would be . 　　A) Uniforms and Society 　　B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform 　　C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform 　　D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms 　　答案顯而易見(jiàn)是D)。如果電視機(jī)修理工穿著制服去修電視，就比穿便裝更能給人帶來(lái)信任感，穿制服的汽車(chē)修理工給人的感覺(jué)也是這樣。還有一些制服，保養(yǎng)起來(lái)是非?；ㄥX(qián)的，它們需要專(zhuān)業(yè)化的干洗，而不能在家里做普通的清洗。拿到一篇文章我們先花2分鐘左右的時(shí)間讀第一段的頭三句話和后面每一段的第一句話，目的是掌握全文主題和每段大意。 　　大家再看下面這篇文章： 　　For an increasing number of students at American universities, old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the babyboom（生育高峰）generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) School of Gerontology（老年學(xué)）. 　　Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursinghome abuse and age discrimination（歧視）. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. “Any student who bines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says. 　　Margarite Santos is a 21yearold senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria.” So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.” 　　實(shí)際上我們只要讀下面劃線的部分就知道本文的中心和每段的主題了。 　　第二步同學(xué)們把題干中的關(guān)鍵詞劃線，然后就可以知道第1題應(yīng)從頭兩句中找到答案，第2題應(yīng)在第二段的第一句話找，第3題在第二段的第二句話找答案，第4題接著讀第二段就可以，而最后一題為主旨題。本題中的B)選項(xiàng)迷惑性最大，“律師可以從給老年人提供特殊服務(wù)中得益”。但很多同學(xué)會(huì)把A)誤選為正確答案，這些同學(xué)的主觀性太強(qiáng)。本題A)和B)選項(xiàng)容易排除，為一類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。D)選項(xiàng)為一類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。南加利弗尼亞大學(xué)老年學(xué)學(xué)院的愛(ài)德華所以在她上了一堂老年學(xué)課程后，發(fā)現(xiàn)很喜歡這門(mén)課程。醫(yī)生的態(tài)度是“謹(jǐn)慎的”?！彼谠L問(wèn)中利用每一次機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)重復(fù)這句話。 　　為了消除這一不良影響，外交部Malcolm Rifkind發(fā)表聲明，王妃對(duì)地雷的觀點(diǎn)和政府的政策基本一致，政府正致力于在全世界范圍內(nèi)廢除地雷。根據(jù)上下文，文章第一段第三句，即她說(shuō)：“我知道這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，但面對(duì)那些面孔，使我更身臨其境。 　　24.【題目譯文】戴安娜王妃對(duì)給予她的批評(píng)如何反應(yīng)？ 　　【答案解析】B。絕大多數(shù)的文章主題句出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)頭。 　　例一：主題句在文章開(kāi)頭（見(jiàn)上述頭兩例） 　　例二：主題句在文章結(jié)尾（） 　　Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. 　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves. 　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not bee work for children. The oute of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the oute and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the oute. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 　　本文主題在于強(qiáng)調(diào)積極強(qiáng)化對(duì)于年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員的作用。 　　【答案解析】A。 　　請(qǐng)讀下面的文章并且找到主題句，做出主旨題。即文章開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)題，結(jié)尾總結(jié)，首尾結(jié)合給出主題。答案在文章最后一句話，即“王妃說(shuō)這次經(jīng)歷也給了她一個(gè)與人們接近并了解他們疾苦的機(jī)會(huì)。 　　【答案解析】C。 　　答案與解析 　　21.【題目譯文】戴安娜王妃1997年出訪安哥拉的目的是 。我所要做的就是幫助別人。在到達(dá)安哥拉的幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)，全世界的電視屏幕都出現(xiàn)了她慰問(wèn)地雷爆炸受害者的身影。本題的出處是這句話： 　　These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weighttraining programs offered few, if any, health benefits. 　　很多同學(xué)看到原文中的“few health benefits”就毫不猶豫地選了C) Negative。一位教授說(shuō)：“任何學(xué)生只要有老年學(xué)的專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)，又有一個(gè)學(xué)位，例如工商管理碩士或法律學(xué)位，就如同有印制鈔票的許可證一般。隨著生育高峰一代的老齡化，人的壽命延長(zhǎng)就意味著全國(guó)老年人口在今后50年內(nèi)必然有相當(dāng)大的增長(zhǎng)。本題為主旨題?！叭魏螌W(xué)生如果把老年學(xué)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)和比如工商管理碩士或法學(xué)位結(jié)合起來(lái)就有了印錢(qián)的執(zhí)照”。 　　3．【答案解析】C。A)選項(xiàng)犯了二類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，文中提到美國(guó)老年人越來(lái)越多，但這只是一個(gè)事實(shí)，不是作者的主題；C)選項(xiàng)犯了一類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，文中根本沒(méi)有提到美國(guó)校園里有越來(lái)越多的老年教授；D)選項(xiàng)也犯了一類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，并沒(méi)有提到美國(guó)大學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)到招收老年學(xué)生的必要性。第二段作者從律師和商人兩方面加以論證，第三段用一個(gè)學(xué)生的例子進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。 　　3）為查讀和定位。一般同學(xué)們有兩種閱讀順序： 　?、?讀文章→讀題目和選項(xiàng)→回到文章中找答案→檢查； 　?、?讀題目和選項(xiàng)→讀文章→做題→檢查。盡管有很多種制服，但是一旦穿上了某一種制服，就一輩子穿下去了，沒(méi)有任何變化，一直到退休為止。如果我們覺(jué)得有一句話不讀就不放心的話，那么可以讀，但是對(duì)那些次要的內(nèi)容不能花過(guò)多的時(shí)間，基本上掃一眼知道不重要就行了。同樣，在第五段給出的是一些反對(duì)制服實(shí)際的問(wèn)題。簡(jiǎn)答分冊(cè)).txt成熟不是心變老，而是眼淚在眼里打轉(zhuǎn)卻還保持微笑。 　　Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, … Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? 　　Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. 　　Uniforms also have many practical benefits. 　　Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by peo