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40天攻克大家英語(yǔ)四級(jí)(閱讀簡(jiǎn)答分冊(cè))(已修改)

2025-08-16 08:28 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 40天攻克大家英語(yǔ)四級(jí)(閱讀簡(jiǎn)答分冊(cè)).txt成熟不是心變老,而是眼淚在眼里打轉(zhuǎn)卻還保持微笑。把一切平凡的事做好既不平凡,把一切簡(jiǎn)單的事做對(duì)既不簡(jiǎn)單。   典型英語(yǔ)文章的   寫(xiě)作脈絡(luò)和答題步驟及技巧   總的來(lái)說(shuō),英語(yǔ)文章結(jié)構(gòu)比較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),脈絡(luò)清楚,所以我們?cè)谧x任何文章的時(shí)候,腦子里面一定要有一根線,先掌握了典型文章的展開(kāi)方法,再加上一些引子等,就成了所有四級(jí)閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們先以2000年6月的文章為例進(jìn)行講解體會(huì)。   請(qǐng)?jiān)?分鐘以內(nèi)讀完這篇文章:      Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a fivestar general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?   Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes. People have bee conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份)than to step out of uniform?   Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are taxdeductible(可減稅的). They are often more fortable and more durable than civilian clothes.   Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.   Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.   同學(xué)們肯定說(shuō)2分鐘不可能讀完,但實(shí)際上我們只需要讀下面這些劃線的句子,這篇文章的脈絡(luò)就出來(lái)了。   Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, … Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?   Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes.   Uniforms also have many practical benefits.   Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.   Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems.   文章第一段給出了主題:uniforms,并且提出了問(wèn)題:Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?(為什么制服在美國(guó)如此受歡迎?)   在第二段作者討論支持制服的主要原因,我們需要注意兩個(gè)詞:for, first。第三段緊接著提到制服的一些實(shí)際的好處。   第四段作者的筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn),提到反對(duì)制服的主要原因,兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞是:primary, against。同樣,在第五段給出的是一些反對(duì)制服實(shí)際的問(wèn)題。   本文可以分為主題段(第一段)和展開(kāi)段(第二、三和四、五段)。其中二、三段是一個(gè)小的展開(kāi),四、五段是第二個(gè)小的展開(kāi)。讀到這里,同學(xué)們實(shí)際上應(yīng)該知道,這篇文章主要講的是制服的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(第二、三段)和缺點(diǎn)(第四、五段)。那么做本文的第五題就很容易了:   5. The best title for this passage would be .   A) Uniforms and Society   B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform   C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform   D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms   答案顯而易見(jiàn)是D)。而且我們可以有這樣的判斷:第二、四段應(yīng)該是老師出題的重點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗鼈冎v的是主要的方面;而三、五段可以一帶而過(guò),因?yàn)橛懻摰氖且恍┐我膬?nèi)容。同時(shí),我們應(yīng)該了解每篇文章不是每一句話都要仔細(xì)讀的。實(shí)際上,每篇文章都有四分之一左右的內(nèi)容不需要讀。如果我們覺(jué)得有一句話不讀就不放心的話,那么可以讀,但是對(duì)那些次要的內(nèi)容不能花過(guò)多的時(shí)間,基本上掃一眼知道不重要就行了。   請(qǐng)讀本文的前四題,并且找到它們?cè)谖闹袑?duì)應(yīng)的地方(先不要做題):   1. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality .   A) still judge a man by his clothes   B) hold the uniform in such high regard   C) enjoy having a professional identity   D) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform   2. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform .   A) suggests quality work   B) discards his social identity   C) appears to be more practical   D) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes   3. The chief function of a uniform is to .   A) provide practical benefits to the wearer   B) make the wearer catch the public eye   C) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself   D) provide the wearer with a professional identity   4. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms .   A) are usually helpful   B) have little or no individual freedom   C) tend to lose their individuality   D) enjoy greater popularity   可以看出,第一題出自第一段,中間兩題出自第二段,第四題出自第四段。   【文章大意】   美國(guó)人特別為自己的多樣性和個(gè)性而自豪,但是他們卻非常喜愛(ài)和尊重制服,無(wú)論是電梯操作員的制服還是五星上將的制服。為什么制服在美國(guó)那么受歡迎呢?   最重要的原因之一是,在很多人看來(lái)穿制服比穿便裝看上去更加職業(yè)化,人們習(xí)慣于期待從穿制服的人身上得到更好的服務(wù)。如果電視機(jī)修理工穿著制服去修電視,就比穿便裝更能給人帶來(lái)信任感,穿制服的汽車修理工給人的感覺(jué)也是這樣。另外,對(duì)于護(hù)士、警察、理發(fā)師和侍者來(lái)說(shuō),要想讓別人不知道自己的職業(yè)身份,有什么方法比脫掉制服更加容易呢?   制服還有一些很實(shí)際的好處,比如說(shuō)你不需要花錢(qián)買別的衣服了,也不需要花錢(qián)去清洗它,而且它是可減稅的。而且制服相對(duì)普通衣服來(lái)說(shuō)更舒服,更耐穿。   反對(duì)制服的觀點(diǎn)主要是它們?nèi)鄙僮兓┲品谷耸€(gè)性。盡管有很多種制服,但是一旦穿上了某一種制服,就一輩子穿下去了,沒(méi)有任何變化,一直到退休為止。當(dāng)人們看上去相像時(shí),他們的思想、語(yǔ)言、行動(dòng)也會(huì)變得相像,至少在工作中是這樣的。   制服也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些很實(shí)際的問(wèn)題。盡管它們比較耐穿,但是起初花費(fèi)在制服上的錢(qián)可能會(huì)比普通衣服要高。還有一些制服,保養(yǎng)起來(lái)是非?;ㄥX(qián)的,它們需要專業(yè)化的干洗,而不能在家里做普通的清洗。   總結(jié)起來(lái),英語(yǔ)文章如下圖所示:         圖1   英文行文方式:倒金字塔形,即最重要的內(nèi)容一般放在最前面加以介紹,越往后重要性越低。   在做閱讀理解題時(shí)有兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):速度和準(zhǔn)確度。四級(jí)閱讀的速度要求是70wpm ( words per minute),準(zhǔn)確度要求是70%以上。一般同學(xué)們有兩種閱讀順序:   ① 讀文章→讀題目和選項(xiàng)→回到文章中找答案→檢查;   ② 讀題目和選項(xiàng)→讀文章→做題→檢查。   分析一下,第一種方法可能同學(xué)們讀得比較細(xì),準(zhǔn)確度的要求容易達(dá)到,但絕大部分人是無(wú)法在9分鐘之內(nèi)讀完文章并做題的;而第二種方法容易達(dá)到速度的要求,準(zhǔn)確度的要求又很難達(dá)到。   綜合這兩種方法,可以歸納出既照顧速度又考慮準(zhǔn)確度的閱讀步驟:   1)Skim→2)Read the questions (without the choices) →3)Scan and locate→4)Review。   1)為瀏覽全文。拿到一篇文章我們先花2分鐘左右的時(shí)間讀第一段的頭三句話和后面每一段的第一句話,目的是掌握全文主題和每段大意。因?yàn)榻^大部分英語(yǔ)文章的行文方式呈倒金字塔形(見(jiàn)上述),通常最重要的內(nèi)容放在前面。   2)為讀題干,但不要讀選項(xiàng)。讀時(shí)應(yīng)把題干的關(guān)鍵詞注上下劃線,這樣帶著問(wèn)題讀文章,定位就精確多了。   3)為查讀和定位?;?~7分鐘找到題目所在的地方
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