【正文】 nd municating applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers. including contractors. Emergency preparedness and responseThe organization shall establish. implement and maintain a procedure(s) to identify potential emergency situations and potential accidents that can have an impact(s) on the environment and how it will respond to them.The organization shall respond to actual emergency situations and accidents and prevent or mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts.The organization shall periodically review and. where necessary. revise its emergency preparedness and response procedures. in particular. after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations.The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable. Checking Monitoring and measurementThe organization shall establish. implement and maintain a procedure(s) to monitor and measure. on a regular basis. the key characteristics of its operations that can have a significant environmental impact. The procedure(s) shall include the documenting of information to monitor performance. applicable operational controls and conformity with the organization39。s facility. Communication to contractors can be in alternative forms to the policy statement itself, such as rules, directives and procedures, and may therefore only include pertinent sections of the policy. The organization39。 evaluation of previous emergency situations and accidents.Tools and methods for undertaking a review might include checklists, conducting interviews, direct inspection and measurement, results of previous audits or other reviews, depending on the nature of the activities.An organization has the freedom and flexibility to define its boundaries and may choose to implement this International Standard with respect to the entire organization or to specific operating units of the organization.The organization should define and document the scope of its environmental management system. Defining the scope is intended to clarify the boundaries of the organization [o which the environmental management system will apply, especially if the organization is a part of a larger organization at a given location. Once the scope is defined, all activities, products and services of the organization within that scope need to be included in the environmental management system. When setting the scope, it should be noted that the credibility of the environmental management system will depend upon the choice of organizational boundaries. If a part of an organization is excluded from the scope of its environmental management system, the organization should be able to explain the exclusion. If this International Standard is implemented for a specific operating unit, policies and procedures developed by other parts of the organization can be used to meet the requirements of this International Standard, provided that they are applicable to that specific operating unit. Environmental policyThe environmental policy is the driver for implementing and improving an organization39。s () environmental policy (). environmental objectives (). environmental targets () and other environmental performance requirements.environmental policyoverall intentions and direction of an organization () related to its environmental performance () as formally expressed by top managementNOTE The environmental policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives () and environmental targets ().environmental targetdetailed pedormance requirement. applicable to the organization () or parts thereof. that arises from the environmental objectives () and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectivesinterested partyperson or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance () of an organization ()internal auditsystematic. independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization () are fulfilledNOTE In many cases. particularly in smaller organizations. independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited.nonconformitynonfulfilment of a requirement[ISO 9000:2000. ]organizationpany. corporation. firm. enterprise. authority or institution. or part or bination thereof. Whether incorporated or not. public or private. that has its own functions and administrationNOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit. a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.preventive actionaction to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity ()prevention of pollutionuse of processes. practices. techniques. materials. products. services or energy to avoid. reduce or control (separately or in bination) the creation. emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste. in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts ()NOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination. process. product or service changes. efficient use of resources. material and energy substitution. reuse. recovery. recycling. reclamation and treatment.procedurespecified way to carry out an activity or a processNOTE 1 Procedures can be documented or not.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000. .recorddocument () stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performedNOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000. .4 Environmental management system requirements General requirementsThe organization shall establish. document. implement. maintain and continually improve an environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard and determine how it will fulfill these requirements.The organization shall define and document the scope of its environmental