【正文】 anisms present in the sewage, which breakdown and stabilise organic pollutants. To be successful, microorganisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the microorganisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final clarifiers where the microorganisms in suspension settle as a sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from the clarifier for further treatment. A functionally similar biological filtering system has bee popular as part of home aquarium filtration and purification. The aquarium water is drawn up out of the tank and then cascaded over a freely spinning corrugated fibermesh wheel before passing through a media filter and back into the aquarium. The spinning mesh wheel develops a biofilm coating of microorganisms that feed on the suspended wastes in the aquarium water and are also exposed to the atmosphere as the wheel rotates. This is especially good at removing waste urea and ammonia urinated into the aquarium water by the fish and other animals. 。h. However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units. Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 176。當(dāng)微生物成長(zhǎng)時(shí)，它們建立于轉(zhuǎn)盤介質(zhì)之上， 直到它們被污水中轉(zhuǎn)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的剪切力所甩開(kāi)。 膜生物反應(yīng)器在世界各地都有建立。與 CAS系統(tǒng)相比，該技術(shù)允許反應(yīng)器在具有相 當(dāng)高濃度的混合液懸浮固體的情況下操作，而這是由污泥沉淀物決定的。這個(gè)濾料是懸浮的或者是由過(guò)濾池底的礫石層支撐的。這種溶液是由中心樞紐發(fā)出，通過(guò)旋臂上的穿孔擴(kuò)散的。 生物氧化過(guò)程對(duì)溫度敏感，并在 0 176。 活性污泥法 主條目：活性污泥 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，生物活性污泥法涵蓋的各種機(jī)制和方法，通過(guò)溶解氧，以促進(jìn)生物絮體增長(zhǎng)，以此極大地消除有機(jī)物質(zhì)的。 生物膜處理法和停止增長(zhǎng)生物處理法系統(tǒng)的處理流程包括生物濾池和生物轉(zhuǎn)盤，它們提供生物生長(zhǎng)的媒體以使 污水流過(guò)時(shí)進(jìn)行處理。 初級(jí)沉淀池，通常裝配有機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)的刮削泥器，不斷推動(dòng)將污泥收集到底部污泥斗，從那里可以抽取污泥進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步處理。在服務(wù)大量人口的現(xiàn)代化處理廠，經(jīng)常用自動(dòng)傾斜格柵來(lái)達(dá)到這個(gè)目的。二級(jí)處理可以去除溶解和懸浮的生物物質(zhì)。因此有些地方會(huì)有法律要求在雨水排入河道之前要進(jìn)行一些一定水平的處理。大量的污水還包括一些屋頂流下的水以及地表水。附錄 1 外文參考文獻(xiàn)（譯文） 污水處理 摘 要 自然或生活污水處理，是指清除包括家庭排放的和地面徑流在內(nèi)的污水廢水和地面污染物的過(guò)程。在 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，家居分別將污水排放為灰水和黑水已經(jīng)越來(lái)越普遍，因?yàn)榛宜梢杂糜跐补嘀参锘蚧厥沼脕?lái)沖馬桶。 由于降雨流經(jīng)屋頂和地面時(shí)，會(huì)帶走包括土壤顆粒和其他沉積物，重金屬，有機(jī)物，動(dòng)物排泄物，污油和油脂等各種污染物質(zhì)。 沉淀的和浮動(dòng)的材料都將被去除，其余的液體可被釋放或繼續(xù)二級(jí)處理。 篩選 進(jìn)水污水必須消除隨污水流進(jìn)行的大的污染物。在初級(jí)沉淀階段的主要目的是提供一個(gè)均勻的液態(tài)環(huán)境使微生物和污泥都能被處理。二級(jí)處理系統(tǒng)被分為 生物膜處理法和停止增長(zhǎng)生物處理法 。由此產(chǎn)生的廢水通常在常規(guī)處理工藝的正常范圍內(nèi)。然而，在活性污泥系統(tǒng)中，它們并不能保證提供混合達(dá)到預(yù)定值，因此活性污泥系統(tǒng)中的曝氣池也不一定能達(dá)到預(yù)定的水平。這種介質(zhì)必須有足夠的表面積以支持生物膜的形成。曝氣生物濾池通常包括一個(gè)由過(guò)濾介質(zhì)填充的反應(yīng)器。對(duì)一個(gè) MBR系統(tǒng)的主要好處之一是，它有效地克服了傳統(tǒng)活性污泥工藝中的污泥的沉降差問(wèn)題。膜生物反應(yīng)器系統(tǒng)的體積小，且可以高質(zhì)量的處理污水，使他們?cè)谥兴赜梅矫娲笫軞g迎。 氧氣是轉(zhuǎn)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中從大氣中獲得的。 附錄 2 外文參考文獻(xiàn)（原文） Sewage treatment Abstract： Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated with many toxic organic and inorganic pounds. Key words: Sewage treatment, fixedfilm and suspendedgrowth, Activated sludge Origins of sewage Sewage is created by residences, institutions, and mercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and merce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is being more mon in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hardstanding areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, mercial, and