【正文】 時， ????????? wo?? 。 最大板間距，應(yīng)保證換熱管的無支承長度不 超過表 24 規(guī)定，用作折流時，其值尚應(yīng)不大于殼體內(nèi)徑。根據(jù)表 23，取管心距 25mmt? 表 23 常用換熱管的管心距 換熱管外徑 (mm) 19 25 32 38 換熱管中心距 (mm) 25 32 40 48 分程隔板處換熱管中心距 (mm) 38 44 52 60 同時根據(jù)上表，分程隔板兩側(cè)相鄰管排之間的管心距 38mmat ? 換熱管的排管原則 [3]： (1)換熱管的排列應(yīng)使整個管束完全對稱； (2)在符合 和 節(jié)規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)，全部 布 滿換熱管； (3)拉桿應(yīng)盡量均勻布置在管束的外邊緣。 由于冷卻水易結(jié)垢，且冷卻水的操作壓力大于有機(jī)液的操作壓力，而且是有機(jī)液被冷卻，所以選擇冷卻水走管程，有機(jī)液走殼程。通過數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)，不同類型的設(shè)計應(yīng)用軟件可以有機(jī)地形成一個整體，設(shè)計者只需通過數(shù)據(jù)庫操作系統(tǒng)向應(yīng)用軟件中輸入相 關(guān)參數(shù)，便可得到更多的關(guān)于設(shè)計任務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)，并且這些數(shù)據(jù)可以反饋到數(shù)據(jù)庫中。對于低雷諾數(shù)下 (Re 1000)的傳熱螺旋折流板效果更為突出。螺旋折流板換熱 器是最新發(fā)展起來的一種管殼式換熱器是由美國 ABB 公司提出的。鈦對海水、氯堿、醋酸等有較好的抗腐蝕能力，如再強(qiáng)化傳熱，效果將更好，目前一些制造單位已較好的掌握了鈦材的加工制造技術(shù)。 (4)填料函式換熱器 這類換熱器管束一端可以自由伸縮，結(jié)構(gòu)比浮頭式簡單，造價也比浮頭式低。 (2)浮頭式換熱器 浮頭式 換熱器的一塊管板用法蘭與外殼相連接，另一塊管板不與外殼連接，以使管子受熱或冷卻時可以自由伸縮，但在這塊管板上連接一個頂蓋，稱為“浮頭”，所以這種換熱器叫做浮頭式換熱器。 這類換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單、緊湊、造價便宜，但管外不能機(jī)械清洗。 在換熱器選型時，還應(yīng)考慮材料的價格、制造成本、動力消耗費(fèi)和使用壽命等因素，劉松：反應(yīng)釜冷卻器設(shè)計 3 力求使換熱器在整個使用壽命內(nèi)最經(jīng)濟(jì)地運(yùn)行。 ：單程型換熱器和多程型換熱器。此外，換熱設(shè)備也是回收余熱、廢熱特別是低品位熱能的有效裝置。對于結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和強(qiáng)度校核，可以根據(jù)換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)手冊和換熱器設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn) GB1511999 進(jìn)行計算和校核。 關(guān)鍵詞： 固定管板式換熱器； 工藝計算； 結(jié)構(gòu)； 強(qiáng)度；管板；鞍座 劉松：反應(yīng)釜冷卻器設(shè)計 II Design of the Reactor Cooler Abstract This design is about fixed tube sheet heat exchanger. The advantages of the fixed tube sheet heat exchanger: The exchanger can bear high press； The price of making is low；Structure is simple and pacted； We can wash the tubes easily； We can change the broken tubes easily. The design is mainly chemical containersthe integrity of the reactor design, which include the technology calculate of heat exchanger, the structure and intensity of heat first part of design is the technology calculation process. Mainly, the process of technology calculate is according to the given design conditions to estimate the heat exchanger area, and then, select a suitable heat exchanger to check heat transfer coefficient, just for the actual heat transfer area. Meanwhile the process above still include the pressure drop and wall temperature calculation. The pressure drop is calculated must meet the technical requirement. The second part of the design is about the structure and intensity of the design. This part is just on the selected type of heat exchanger to design the heat exchanger’s ponents and parts, such as vesting, baffled plates, the distance control tube, tube boxes. This part of design mainly include: The choice of materials,identify specific size, identify specific location, the thickness calculation of tube sheet, the stress calculation of saddle, the opening reinforcement calculation etc. The results show that the pressbearing ponents can meet the intensity requirements. In the end, the final design results through eight drawings to display. Key words: fixed tube sheet heat exchanger； technology calculate； structure； intensity； tube sheet； saddle 安徽工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） III 目 錄 引 言 .................................................................................................................................... 1 第 1 章 緒論 .............................................................................................................................. 2 換熱器的應(yīng)用 ............................................................................................................. 2 換熱器的分類 ............................................................................................................. 2 換熱器的選型 ............................................................................................................. 2 列管式換熱器 ............................................................................................................. 3 換熱器的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................................................. 4 本設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容 ..................................................................................................... 4 第 2 章 換熱器的工藝設(shè)計 ...................................................................................................... 6 設(shè)計有關(guān)參數(shù) ............................................................................................................. 6 設(shè)計方案 ..................................................................................................................... 6 估算換熱面積 ............................................................................................................. 7 工藝結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ............................................................................................................. 7 換熱器核算 ............................................................................................................... 10 第 3 章 換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及強(qiáng)度計算 ................................................................................ 16 筒體壁厚計算 ............................................................................................................ 16 管箱短節(jié)、封頭厚度計算 ....................................................................................... 17 筒體接管開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)校核 ........................................................................................... 19 管箱接管開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)校核 ........................................................................................... 20 管箱法蘭和接管法蘭的選取 ................................................................................... 21 管箱法蘭與管板連接之間的墊片 ........................................................................... 23 換熱管與管板的連接 ............................................................................................... 24 管板的設(shè)計的及校核 ............................................................................................... 25 接管的布置及管箱的設(shè)計 ....................................................................................... 42 折流板的布置 ......................................................................................................... 43 換熱器相關(guān)的連接結(jié)構(gòu) ...........................................................