【正文】 的嚴(yán)重事件。s Zhang Weiwei, argue that the oneparty system does not need a democratic mandate because it has “performance legitimacy”, derived from improving the lot of ordinary solutions to haze The pollution problem suggests the leadership needs urgently to adopt a “greener” measure of “performance”.It is not just the rivers are often polluted by industrial waste, and the country has had a series of foodsafety leaders and businesspeople also need to change the past 30 years, every provincial governor with an eye on a big job in Beijing knew that they would be judged by the local growth them that they should now care as much about their city39。we make apologies to polluted riverthe mother who nurtures us, for it is stink because of contamination and it may be unwilling to continue to nurture us。霧霾天氣對(duì)人的情緒會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響，霧霾天時(shí)太陽(yáng)光被大氣顆粒物散射和吸收，使日照減少，容易增加人的瞌睡感和抑郁感。霧霾天氣不僅會(huì)影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，還會(huì)造成視程障礙，甚至引發(fā)交通事故。第四，垂直方向的逆溫現(xiàn)象。霧霾給人們生產(chǎn)生活及交通安全帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的危害。霧霾現(xiàn)象頻發(fā)。主要市級(jí)城市有鄭州、開(kāi)封、許昌、平頂山、漯河、周口、舞陽(yáng)、駐馬店、信陽(yáng)等地。霾是指懸浮在大氣中的大量微小塵粒、煙?；螓}粒的集合體，使空氣渾濁，水平能見(jiàn)度降低到10km以下的一種天氣現(xiàn)象［1］。haze situation。適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充點(diǎn)兒維生素。減少污染廢氣排放和廢氣處理。霧霾的防治：在現(xiàn)在的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，不能對(duì)氣象條件進(jìn)行有效干預(yù)，解決霧霾污染問(wèn)題只能依靠減少污染物排放量，也就是要全方位地控制各種大氣污染物的排放行為，不斷減少各種細(xì)顆粒物及其前體污染物的排放量。霧霾的影響：霧霾會(huì)引起急性上呼吸道感染、急性氣管支氣管炎及肺炎、哮喘發(fā)作，誘發(fā)或加重慢性支氣管炎等。霧霾天氣形成原因其中既有氣象原因，也有污染排放原因。參考文獻(xiàn)：[1] : 氣象出版社, 1979 [2] 吳兌． 霾與霧的識(shí)別和資料分析處理［J］． 氣象學(xué)報(bào)，2008，27(3): 327 －330． [3] Zhang X Y, Wang Y Q, Niu T, et aerosol positions in China: Spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and parisons with global Chem Phys, 2012, 11: 26571–26615 [4] 曹?chē)?guó)良, 張小曳, 龔山陵, , 2011, 56: 261–268 [5] Zhang Q, Streets D G, Carmichael D R, et emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEXB Chem Phys, 2009, 9: 5131–5135 [6] Zhang Q, Quan J N, Tie X X, et aerosol particles on cloud formation under different cloud water conditions: Aircraft measurements in Beijing, Environ, 2010, 45: 665–672 [6] Pan X L, Yan P, Tang J, et study of influence of aerosol hygroscopic growth on scattering coefficient over rural area near Beijing Chem Phys, 2009, 9: 7519–7530 [7] Deng Z Z, Zhao C S, Ma N, et and bulk activation properties of aerosols in the north China plain: The importance of aerosol size distribution in the prediction of CCN number Chem Phys, 2011, 11: 3835–3846 [8] Zhang Q, Meng J, Quan J, et of aerosol position on cloud condensation nuclei Chem Phys, 2012, 12: 3783–3790 [7] 張小曳, 孫俊英, 王亞強(qiáng), ，2031, 58: 11781187 [8] 周明煜, 曲紹厚, 李玉英, [ J ].環(huán)境科學(xué), 1980(5): 1217.[9]彭希瓏, 鄒寒山, [ J].江西科學(xué), 2003, 21(3): 257259.[9] ，2013,13,195 [11] 周濤，[J].華北電力大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：社會(huì)科學(xué)版，2012，(2)：1316.[12] [J].中共鄭州市委黨校學(xué)報(bào)，2010，(3)：93.[13] : 中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院, 2011 [14]孟燕軍, 王淑英, [ J].氣象, 1999, 26(3): 4042.[15]張小曳，曹軍驥，蘇廣路等．中國(guó)城市空氣污染控制［Ｍ］．北京：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2001．222－293．[16]趙俊平，,02,(05):102103 [17] [M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2007 [18] Sipila M, Berndt T, Petaja T, et role of sulfuric acid in atmospheric , 2010, 327: 1243–1246 [19]An J, Li Y, Chen Y, et of major aerosol ponents due to additional HONO sources in the North China Plain(NCP)and implications for visibility and Atmos Sci, 2013, 30: 57–66 [20] Li W, Shao electron microscopy study of aerosol particles from the brown hazes in northern Geophys Res, 2009, 114: D09302 [21] Wu L Y, Tong S R, Wang W G, et of temperature on the heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on calcium Chem Phys, 2011, 11: 6593–6605第二篇：霧霾論文霧霾摘要：今年我國(guó)各地都有嚴(yán)重的霧霾天氣出現(xiàn)，隨著空氣質(zhì)量的惡化，陰霾天氣現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)增多，危害加重。政府部門(mén)應(yīng)該制定，更加明確的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。整個(gè)大的工作就是如何是氣象信息快速的到達(dá)老百姓手中，包括對(duì)將來(lái)手機(jī)信息到達(dá)不了的地方，我們也要想辦法。說(shuō)明了工業(yè)二氧化硫和工業(yè)粉塵的排放量總體呈下降的趨勢(shì)，說(shuō)明北京的空氣質(zhì)量有逐年提高的趨勢(shì)。有研究者認(rèn)為, 由于城市熱島的存在, 郊區(qū)低層的污染物在局地環(huán)流的作用下, 聚集在城市的上空,加重了城市的空氣污染[10]。2 霧霾成因及原因分析 氣溶膠粒子當(dāng)空氣的濕度較大時(shí)，某些吸水性強(qiáng)的干氣溶膠粒子如硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽、銨鹽和部分可溶性有機(jī)氣溶膠會(huì)吸水、長(zhǎng)大。近日來(lái)，京津冀等地區(qū)持續(xù)的霧霾天氣，使人們不得不重視這一環(huán)境問(wèn)題。我國(guó)氣溶膠濃度較高與人口眾多和部分犧牲環(huán)境而發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)有著密切的關(guān)系[4,5]。逆溫層是一種極其穩(wěn)定的空氣層，即暖空氣在冷空氣之上，阻礙著大氣的正常對(duì)流運(yùn)動(dòng)，以至于空氣中的各種污染物無(wú)法及時(shí)擴(kuò)散，加之各種大氣污染物的存在，霧霾災(zāi)害就很容易產(chǎn)生。除加強(qiáng)對(duì)交通運(yùn)輸場(chǎng)所的監(jiān)控，包括公路和機(jī)場(chǎng)的安全監(jiān)控，必須嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)矩辦事。因此，對(duì)大氣有嚴(yán)重的污染的企業(yè)在進(jìn)行區(qū)位選擇，要考慮到熱島環(huán)流的因素，以避免污染物從近地面流向城區(qū)。以洛杉磯為例，20 世紀(jì)50 年代，該城市的汽車(chē)數(shù)量急劇增加，汽車(chē)尾氣中的碳?xì)浠衔?、氮氧化合物和一氧化碳，在?yáng)光的作用下，發(fā)生了光化學(xué)反應(yīng)，生成淡藍(lán)色的煙霧，在短短的兩天內(nèi)，65 歲以上的老人就死亡了400 余人[18]。其中有主要成分為汽車(chē)排放的尾氣、工業(yè)廢氣、餐飲排放、碳顆粒、可吸入顆粒物、急劇的工業(yè)化和城市化導(dǎo)致能源迅猛消耗、人口高度聚集、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞、重金屬等很多有害物質(zhì)。汽車(chē)尾氣是主要的污染物排放，近年來(lái)城市的汽車(chē)越來(lái)越多，排放的汽車(chē)尾氣是霧霾的一個(gè)因素；五、工廠(chǎng)制造出的二次污染；六、冬季取暖排放的CO2等污染物。霧霾天氣空氣質(zhì)量差，抵抗力較差的糖尿病患者極有可能出現(xiàn)肺部及氣管感染而加重病情，應(yīng)該說(shuō)空氣污染是一個(gè)非常重要的原因。將能源消耗總量和單位產(chǎn)值能耗降下來(lái)；其次要優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展清潔能源和可再生能源，要大力提高太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)水平和水能技術(shù)水平，科研技術(shù)上要有世界性的突破性的進(jìn)展。要大力宣傳保護(hù)環(huán)境，愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。通過(guò)霧霾，我們認(rèn)識(shí)到必須以保護(hù)環(huán)境為前提，綠色發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展和循環(huán)發(fā)展，才能走出先污染后治理的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀態(tài)，才能避免霧霾天氣的發(fā)生和蔓延，才能建設(shè)生態(tài)文明和美麗中國(guó)。1 霧霾天氣定義及現(xiàn)狀在氣象學(xué)上，霧及霾是2個(gè)氣象概念、2種天氣現(xiàn)象。霧霾天氣是近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的一種天氣現(xiàn)象，是霧和霾的混合物，還沒(méi)有被列入氣象觀(guān)測(cè)范圍。據(jù)環(huán)保部門(mén)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示均為最高級(jí)別的嚴(yán)重污染，給市民生活造成了嚴(yán)重的影響。據(jù)北京大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院《危險(xiǎn)的呼吸——》報(bào)告指出，僅2012年，北京、上海、廣州、西安等地，［3］。第二，污染物排放量大是造成霧霾天氣的根本原因。霧霾對(duì)人類(lèi)生活的影響城市污染會(huì)加重霧霾程度，并且使霧霾天氣增多，影響范圍廣，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，霧霾天氣對(duì)人類(lèi)造成的影響不容忽視，隨著空氣質(zhì)量的惡化，霧霾天氣現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)增多、危害加劇的趨勢(shì)。 最直接的影響是能見(jiàn)度降低，影響交通安全。霧霾天氣對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)生活的影響非常大，要想減少或消除霧霾天氣，從根本上說(shuō)，就是要大幅削減主要污染物排放。harm。s problem was have both.”The fact that environmental activists are allowed to speak out, however, may be a sign that the government wants to act and is willing to encourage a public airquality readings for Beijing used to be released only by the US the government releases its own figures in real time, which people can check on their phones as they move around the has made clear that he wants to restore Chinese greatness can be defined in many country can now take rising affluence and international respect for next dream for China should be cleaner air and water – and an open debate about how to get begin with, the government must take action to protect the environment, rather than develop the economic at the expense of is necessary for the government to supervise industries in case they pollute the ’s more, enterprises should realize the importance of protecting the our home is destroyed, what’s the meaning of making money? Last but not least, every citizen should take responsibility for our the saying goes that “Many hands make the work light”.金陵科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 and the EmbodimentConclusionAs a summary, haze is harmful to each of us and everyone sho