【正文】 技術(shù)出版社 ,1996 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 29 [16] 洪忠渝編著．可編程 序控制器的原理及應(yīng)用．青島海洋大學(xué) ,1988： 3660 [17] 李道霖編著 . 電氣控制與 PLC 原理應(yīng)用 . 北京電子工業(yè)出版社 ,2021： 80100 [18] 佟為明編著 . 低壓電器繼電器及其控制系統(tǒng) . 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 ,2021 [19] 嚴(yán)盈富編著 . 監(jiān)控組態(tài)軟件與 PLC入門 . 人民郵政出版社 ,2021：2325 [20] 張進(jìn)秋 ,陳永利 ,張中民編著 . 可編程控制器原理及應(yīng)用實(shí)例 . 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,2021： 150160 [21] 鄭鳳冀 ,鄭丹丹 ,趙春江編著 . 圖解 PLC控制系統(tǒng)梯形圖和語句 表 . 人民郵政出版社 ,2021： 4560 [1] FX2 用 戶 使用 手冊(cè)洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 30 附 錄 附圖A T68臥式鏜床電氣控制原理圖 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 31 附圖 B T68 臥式鏜床 I/O 分配圖 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 32 附錄 C T68 臥式鏜床改造后梯形圖 （ 續(xù)上 ） 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 33 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 34 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 35 外文資料翻譯 Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16and32bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that you’ll find mostly Hitachi and F ujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemens in European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of munication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output. PLC controllers have plex routines for memory checkup in order to ensure that PLC memory was not damaged (memory checkup is done for safety reasons).Generally speaking, CPU unit makes a great number of checkups of the PLC controller itself so eventual errors would be discovered early. You can simply look at any PLC controller and see that there are several indicators in the form. of light diodes for error signalization. System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated forma ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case w here user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology this process was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development. User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 36 of a memory are used for storing input and output status . The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/ each input or output has one corresponding bit in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory. PLC controller can be reprogrammed through a puter (usual way), but also through manual programmers (consoles). This practically means that each PLC controller can programmed through a puter if you have the software needed for programming. Today’s transmission puters are ideal for reprogramming a PLC controller in factory itself. This is of great importance to industry. Once the system is corrected, it is also important to read the right program into a PLC again. It is alsogood to check from time to time whether program in a PLC has not changed. This helps to avoid hazardous situations in factory rooms (some automakers have established munication works which regularly check programs in PLC controllers to ensure execution only of good programs). Almost every program for programming a PLC controller possesses various useful options such as: forced switching on and off of the system input/outputs (I/O lines), program follow up i n real time as well as documenting a diagram. This documenting is necessary to understand and define failures and malfunctions. Programmer can add remarks, names of input or output devices, and ments that can be useful when finding errors, or with system maintenance. Adding ments and remarks enables any technician (and not just a person who developed the system) to understand a ladder diagram right away. Comments and remarks can even quote precisely part numbers if replacements would be needed. This would speed up a repair of any problems that e up due to bad parts. The old way was such that a person who developed a system had protection on the program, so nobody aside from this person could understand how it was done. Correctly documented ladder diagram allows any technician to understand thoroughly 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 37 how system functions. Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit. Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. On some PLC controllers you’ll find electrical supply as a separate module. Those are usually bigger PLC controllers, while small and medium series already contain the supply module. User has to determine how much current to take from I/O module to ensure that electrical supply provides appropriate amount of current. Different types of modules use different amounts of electrical current. This electrical supply is usually not used to start external input or output. User has to provide separate supplies in starting PLC controller inputs because then you can ensure so called “pure” supply for the PLC controller. With pure supply we mean supply where industrial environment can not affect it damagingly. Some of the smaller PLC controllers sup