【正文】 ==2FeCl3Cl2+Cu===CuCl22Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I25Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HClCl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+SCl2 +H2S===2HCl+SCl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HClCl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O22O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2S+H2===H2S 2S+C===CS2S+Fe===FeS S+2Cu===Cu2S3S+2Al===Al2S3 S+Zn===ZnSN2+3H2===2NH3N2+3Mg===Mg3N2N2+3Ca===Ca3N2N2+3Ba===Ba3N2N2+6Na===2Na3NN2+6K===2K3NN2+6Rb===2Rb3NP2+6H2===4PH3P+3Na===Na3P2P+3Zn===Zn3P22．還原性S+O2===SO2S+O2===SO2S+6HNO3(濃)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4 HNO3(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2===2NO4P+5O2===P4O10(常寫成P2O5)2P+3X2===2PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）PX3+X2===PX5P4+20HNO3(濃)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2===CF4C+2Cl2===CCl42C+O2(少量)===2COC+O2(足量)===CO2C+CO2===2COC+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤氣)2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2===Si(純)+4HCl)Si(粉)+O2===SiO2Si+C===SiC(金剛砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H23，（堿中）歧化Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO（加酸抑制歧化，加堿或光照促進(jìn)歧化）Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca（OH）2===CaCl2+Ca（ClO）2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH（熱，濃）===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH（濃）+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO211P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO===CaC2+CO3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO二、金屬單質(zhì)（Na，Mg，Al，F(xiàn)e）的還原性2Na+H2===2NaH4Na+O2===2Na2O2Na2O+O2===2Na2O22Na+O2===Na2O22Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H22Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2 4Na+TiCl4（熔融）===4NaCl+Ti Mg+Cl2===MgCl2Mg+Br2===MgBr22Mg+O2===2MgOMg+S===MgSMg+2H2O===Mg（OH）2+H22Mg+TiCl4（熔融）===Ti+2MgCl2 Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb 2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+SiMg+H2S===MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H22Al+3Cl2===2AlCl34Al+3O2===2Al2O3（鈍化）4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2()+4Hg4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe 2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2 2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2 2Al+6H2SO4(濃)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,濃的H2SO4,HNO3中鈍化)Al+4HNO(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H22Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3Fe+I2===FeI2Fe+S===FeS 3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2 Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(鐵在酸性環(huán)境下,不能把四氯化錫完全還原為單質(zhì)錫 Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)三, 非金屬氫化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)H2S+FeCl2===2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)3，堿性：NH3+HCl===NH4ClNH3+HNO3===NH4NO32NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl（此反應(yīng)用于工業(yè)制備小蘇打，蘇打）4，不穩(wěn)定性：2HF===H2+F22HCl===H2+Cl22H2O===2H2+O22H2O2===2H2O+O2H2S===H2+S2NH3===N2+3H21,還原性:四，非金屬氧化物4HCl(濃)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O1低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性：14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2SO2+O2===2SO32SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO42H2O+2F2===4HF+O2（這是SO2在大氣中緩慢發(fā)生的環(huán)境化學(xué)反應(yīng)）SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr2H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2OSO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2OSO2+NO2===SO3+NOH2S+H2SO4(濃)===S+SO2+2H2O2NO+O2===2NO23H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2ONO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO23H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O（用于制硝酸工業(yè)中吸收尾氣中的 NO和NO2）H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH2CO+O2===2CO2CO+CuO===Cu+CO22NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O3CO+Fe2O3===2Fe+3CO2CO+H2O===CO2+H22NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl2氧化性：8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4ClSO2+2H2S===3S+2H2OSO3+2KI===K2SO3+I24NH3+3O2(純氧)===2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2ONO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)（不能用淀粉KI溶液鑒別溴蒸氣和NO2）4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2ONaH+H2O===NaOH+H22NO2+Cu===4CuO+N24NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2CO2+2Mg===2MgO+CCaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2(CO2不能用于撲滅由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃燒的火災(zāi))2,酸性:4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2OSiO2+2H2===Si+2H2OSiO2+2Mg===2MgO+Si（此反應(yīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于測定礦樣或鋼樣中SiO2的含量）3,與水的作用:2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HClSO2+H2O===H2SO3SO3+H2O===H2SO4H2S+Fe===FeS+H23NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O===2HNO3H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HClH2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3P2O5+H2O===2HPO3H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HClP2O5+3H2O===2H3PO4H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3(P2O5極易吸水,可作氣體干燥劑P2O5+3H2SO4(濃)===2H3PO4+3SO3)CO2+H2O===H2CO34,與堿性物質(zhì)的作用:SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3(，再用H2SO4處理:2NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2生成的硫酸銨作化肥,SO2循環(huán)作原料氣)SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O()SO3+MgO===MgSO4SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2OCO2+2NaOH(過量)===Na2CO3+H2OCO2(過量)+NaOH===NaHCO3CO2+Ca(OH)2(過量)===CaCO3+H2O2CO2(過量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3SiO2+CaO===CaSiO3SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O(常溫下強(qiáng)堿緩慢腐蝕玻璃)SiO2+Na2CO3===Na2SiO3+CO2SiO2+CaCO3===CaSiO3+CO2五,金屬氧化物1,低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性:6FeO+O2===2Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O2,氧化性:Na2O2+2Na===2Na2O（此反應(yīng)用于制備Na2O）MgO，Al2O3幾乎沒有氧化性，很難被還原為Mg，+3H2===2Fe+