【正文】 同年，又成立了全國智能交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)（ ITS）專家咨詢委員會(huì)，其中，同濟(jì)大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、北方交通大學(xué)、北京航空航天大學(xué)、吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)、東南大學(xué)等高校的有關(guān)專家為咨詢委員，并啟動(dòng)了國家 “九五”科技攻關(guān)課題和國 家“十五”科技攻關(guān)課題。 國內(nèi) ITS 的發(fā)展 我國在交通運(yùn)輸和管理中應(yīng)用電子信息技術(shù)的工作早在 70 年代末就已經(jīng)開始，當(dāng)時(shí)稱為交通工程，根據(jù)國際上對(duì) ITS 發(fā)展的研究，可以認(rèn)為，交通工程的研究與應(yīng)用是 ITS 初級(jí)階段的工作。 1994 年 1 月成立路車交通智能協(xié)會(huì)， 1995 年 7月成立道路交通信息通信系統(tǒng)中心， 1996 年 4月 正式啟動(dòng)道路交通信息通信系統(tǒng)中，先在首都圈內(nèi)而后推向大阪、名古屋等地， 1998 年向全國推進(jìn)。 ITS 加速了交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入信息時(shí)代的步伐，因此成為當(dāng)今交通管理領(lǐng)域的熱門研究課題，也是 21 世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代化交通運(yùn)輸體系的發(fā)展方向 【 1】 。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，近年來許多城市道路面積的增長(zhǎng)速度為 3%～ 6%，而機(jī)動(dòng)車的增長(zhǎng)速度則高達(dá)百分之十幾，單位道路面積車輛逐年上升。 關(guān)鍵詞： 智能交通系統(tǒng)，交通信息采集， GPRS 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II ABSTRACT Recent years as more and more people buy cars, the city traffic problems bee more and obvious, and traffic jam bee more and more severe. Nowadays, our city’s foundation traffic facilities can not meet the overgrowing traffic needs. Traffic jam, low utilization rate of road work, growing traffic accidents and so on are the severe problems that our city are facing today. However, the rapid development of GPRS work technique provides a more convenient and effective munication modes. Thus this thesis proposes a plan of city intelligent transportation control system which is based on GPRS. The discourse firstly gives a brief introduction of GPRS munication technique from the aspects of the work topology and working protocol of GPRS and the characteristics and application of GPRS. Because GRPS work features in broad access range, high speed transmission, online forever, charge according flow quantity. So the writer of this paper chose GPRS work as intelligent transportation control system’s transmission work account for economy, application scope and application prospects . Then I proposed my own opinion of city intelligent transportation control system, and classify intelligent transportation system into transportation information gathering system, intelligent transportation monitor system, rapid respond system to emergencies and other subsystems. Transportation information gathering system is a key study. This thesis introduces the function and position of transportation information gathering system from the aspects of methods and detector’s choice of transportation information gathering. And also study a plan of optimization of transportation information gathering system techniques. At the end of the this paper, writer proposed an idea of the plan of intelligent transportation terminal based on GPRS, and gives a brief introduction of the work principle of vehicle terminal and several related protocols. Keywords: ITS, Transportation information gathering, GPRS 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ II 第 1 章 緒論 ............................................................................................... 1 課題研究的背景和意義 ............................................................................................1 智能交通系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................1 國內(nèi)外城市智能交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展 .............................................................................2 國外 ITS 的發(fā)展 ..............................................................................................2 國內(nèi) ITS 的 發(fā)展 ..............................................................................................3 本論文的主要工作 ....................................................................................................4 第 2 章 GPRS 通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡(jiǎn)介 ...................................................................... 5 GPRS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) ..........................................................................................................5 GPRS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)總體結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................5 GPRS 傳輸協(xié)議平面 ........................................................................................6 GPRS 協(xié)議 ........................................................................................................8 GPRS 的路由管理 ............................................................................................8 GPRS 的主要特點(diǎn) ......................................................................................................9 GPRS 的應(yīng)用 ..............................................................................................................9 第 3 章 城市智能交通控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................10 城市智能交通控制系統(tǒng) ..........................................................................................10 系統(tǒng)的功能框架 ............................................................................................10 系統(tǒng)的組成 .................................................................................................... 11 交通信息采集子系統(tǒng)的功能 ...................................................................................12 第 4 章 先進(jìn)的交通信息采集系統(tǒng) ............................................................13 基礎(chǔ)交通信息采集方法研究 ..................................................................................13 靜態(tài)交通信息的采集 ....................................................................................14 動(dòng)態(tài)交通信息的采集 ....................................................................................14 交通信息采集檢測(cè)器技術(shù)分析 ..............................................................................16 交通檢測(cè)器性能分析 ....................................................................................16 交通檢測(cè)器特點(diǎn)比較 ....................................................................................21 交通信息采集技術(shù)優(yōu)化選擇 ..................................................................................22 交通信息傳輸 ...........................................................................