【正文】 HewlettPackard announces a US$3990 UNIX workstation based on the Motorola 68030. [27] ? NeXT ships the first NeXT Computer systems. [] [46] [] ? NeXT releases NeXTSTEP . [] [46] [] October ? SPEC releases version of its SPEC Benchmark Suite for Unix systems. [25] [] [191] ? IBM signs a deal with NeXT to license the NeXTSTEP operating system, for US$10 million. [] (1988 []) (month unknown) ? Motorola begins large volume shipments of the 88100 processor. [191] ? In New York, the Unix Expo is held. [] ? Sun Microsystems publishes its SBus i/o bus as an open specification for its workstation puters. [] December ? IBM demonstrates its new line of RISC System/6000 workstations. [3] December 31 ? Shipments of Sun Microsystems SPARC workstations for the year: 45,000. [] 1990 January ? Sun Microsystems signs an agreement to transfer the SPARC trademark to SPARC International. [] ? NeXT decides to redesign the NeXT puter, targeting a cheaper puter to be available by the fall. [] February ? NeXT cofounder Dan’l Lewin resigns from NeXT. He is the first of the original five cofounders to resign. [] February 15 ? IBM unveils its new RISCbased workstation line, the RS/6000. Development work had been done under code name America for the RISC chip research, and RIOS for systems using the America technology. The architecture of the systems is given the name POWER, standing for Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC. [] [] [] May ? Toshiba unveils the first SPARC laptop, the SPARC LT. [] (month unknown) ? Lotus Development introduces Improv spreadsheet program for the NeXT Computer. Price is US$695. [] September ? Quote by James Clark, chairman of Silicon Graphics, on NeXT: They’re dead meat.. [] September 18 ? At the Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, NeXT unveils three new NeXT puters, including the NeXTstation using a Motorola 68040 processor. [] [] [] [] (October []) October ? At the Microprocessor Forum, Motorola announces a new line of singlechip RISC processors, the first of which is to be the 88110. [] [150] [182] ? IBM demonstrates the NeXTSTEP operating system running on an IBM RS/6000 workstation. [] November ? LSI Logic announces the availability of SparcKIT, a SPARC chipset at speeds of 20MHz and 25MHz. [] December 31 ? Market share of workstation puters: Sun Microsystems, %。T announces UNIX System V. [] (month unknown) ? IBM’s Austin Laboratory begins project Olympiad, to develop a scientific workstation based on the ROMP microprocessor. [] ? Fortune Systems introduces the Fortune 32:16 puter system. It features a 6MHz Motorola 68000 CPU, 256 KB RAM, and runs Unix v7. Price is US$500011,000. [] November ? Silicon Graphics introduces its first product, IRIS 1000 terminal. [] (month unknown) ? Commodore Business Machines announces it will include the Coherent Unixlike operating system on a new series of Z8000based puters called the Next Generation. [] 1984 February 14 ? Scott McNealy is appointed president and chief operating officer of Sun Microsystems. [] [] April ? Silicon Graphics begins shipping its first 3D graphics workstations. [28] June ? Motorola introduces the 16MHz 68020 processor, a 32bit version of the 68000, in CMOS, with onboard cache. [1] [140] (1986 [20]) (month unknown) ? MIPS Computer Systems is founded, and begins developing its RISC architecture. [29] ? Sun Microsystems cofounder Vinod Khosla resigns. [] ? Silicon Graphics introduces its first workstation, IRIS 1400. [] 1985 (month unknown) ? Sun Microsystems begins work on its SPARC processor. [29] ? ATamp。 HewlettPackard, %。 20xx20xx Ken Polsson 1968 (month unknown) ? In California, IBM scientist John Cocke and others plete a prototype scientific puter called the ACS. It incorporates some RISC concepts, but the project is later cancelled due to the instruction set not being patible with IBM’s System/360 puters. [] 1969 (month unknown) ? At Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie write a primitive operating system in assembly language on the PDP7. This bees the Unix operating system. [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 1970 (month unknown) ? Brian Kernighan suggests naming the operating system written by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie’s Unix, as a pun on Multics, the operating system that it was to replace. [] 1972 (month unknown) ? Xerox decides to build a personal puter to be used for research. Project Alto begins. [] [] [] November ? Researchers at PARC begin work on a prototype Alto personal puter. [] 1973 March ? The first prototype Alto workstation puter is turned on at Xerox’ Palo Alto Research Center. Its first screen display is a bitmapped image of the Sesame Street character Cookie Monster. [] [] [] (pleted in 1974 []) April ? The first operational Alto puter is pleted at Xerox PARC. [,167] 1974 (month unknown) ? Xerox releases the Alto puter. [] ? IBM scientist John Cocke pletes a prototype highreliability, lowmaintenance puter called the ServiceFree. It incorporates a RISC architecture, achieving at least 80 MIPS, 50 times faster than IBM’s fastest mainframe at the time. However, the project is later cancelled due to the massive Future Systems project consuming much of IBM’s resources. [] 1975 June ? At Xerox, John Ellenby proposes they build the Alto II personal puter, a modified Alto, making it easier to produce, more reliable, and more easily maintained. His request is approved. [] 1976 (month unknown) ? Xerox management rejects two proposals to market the Alto puter. [] 1977 (month unknown) ? Xerox renames its Janus workstation project to Star. [] 1978 (month unknown) ? At the University of California a