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r memory of his words, and the knowledge that each has of the music that he himself made, the Ainur know much of wha t was, and is, and is to e, and few things are unseen by them. Yet some things there are that they cannot see, neither alone nor ta king counsel together。 Then the Ainur were afraid, and they did not yet prehend the words that were said to them。 but some began to attune their music to his rather than to the thought w hich they had at first. Then the discord of Melkor spread ever wider, and the melodies which had been heard before foundered in a sea of turbulent sound. But Il 鷙 atar sat and hearkened until it seemed that about his throne there was a raging storm, as of dark waters that made war one upon another in an endless wrath that would not be assuaged. Then Il 鷙 atar arose, and the Ainur perceived that he smiled。 and he made first the Ainur, the Holy Ones, that were the offspring of his thought, and they were with him before aught else was made. And he spoke to them, propounding to them themes of music。 對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)的一致性的問(wèn)題也通過(guò)程序進(jìn)行了有效的解決。 6. 2. 2管理 會(huì)員管理、會(huì)員管理、普通讀者管理、注冊(cè)會(huì)員、刪除會(huì)員、修改 會(huì)員信息、會(huì)員類型設(shè)置,添加書籍、刪除書籍、修改書信息、借閱書籍、歸還書籍,普通讀者登記、修改讀者信息。設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)像 End Sub 上面的一段代碼就是連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的。連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) Set conn = CreateObject() 39。這些就新建了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件。數(shù)據(jù)管理是指數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、組織 、存儲(chǔ)、維護(hù)、檢索、傳送等操作,這部分操作是數(shù)據(jù)處理業(yè)務(wù)的基本環(huán)節(jié),而且是任何數(shù)據(jù)處理業(yè)務(wù)中必不可少的共有部分。經(jīng)典的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用涉及諸如訂單、顧客、工作、員工、學(xué)生、電話之類的項(xiàng),或其它數(shù)據(jù)量較大、需要密切關(guān)注的事務(wù)。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)能使 Inter 應(yīng)用超越具有早期應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)的簡(jiǎn)單的發(fā)布。 DATA 控件在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的信息與將信息顯示給用戶看的 Visual Basic程序之間架起了一座橋梁。 Access 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能使用數(shù)據(jù)表示圖或自定義窗體收集信息。 Visual Basic 提供了動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)交換的編程技術(shù),可以在應(yīng)用程序中與其他 Windows 應(yīng)用程序建立動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)交換,在不同的應(yīng)用程序之間進(jìn)行通信。 在用 Visual Basic 設(shè)計(jì)大型應(yīng)用軟件時(shí),不必建立具有明顯開(kāi)始和結(jié)束的程序,而是編寫若干個(gè)微小的子程序,即過(guò)程。每個(gè)對(duì)象以圖形方式顯示在界面上,都是可視的。如果對(duì)界 面的效果不滿意,還要回到程序中修改。 第四章 開(kāi)發(fā)工具與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)選擇 現(xiàn)在,市場(chǎng)上可以選購(gòu)的應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)產(chǎn)品很多,流行的也有數(shù)十種。將概念設(shè)計(jì)從設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中獨(dú)立開(kāi)來(lái),使各階段的任務(wù)相對(duì)單一化,設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜程度大大降低,不受特定 DBMS的限制。 應(yīng)用需求分析 對(duì)圖書借閱者、圖書租借進(jìn)行管理和維護(hù),及系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)的查看、維護(hù)并生成催還圖書租借報(bào)表。系統(tǒng)輸入繁瑣,極易產(chǎn)生輸入錯(cuò)誤,缺少智能化輸入功能,如:圖書名稱輸入過(guò)程中,單位名稱和單位代碼不能夠相互協(xié)調(diào),易產(chǎn)生不匹配現(xiàn)象。 2. 4 可行性分析 通過(guò)對(duì)該圖書館的各個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了具體的了解之后,現(xiàn)對(duì)該單位開(kāi)發(fā)圖書租借管理系統(tǒng)的可行性進(jìn)行分析。 2. 3 解決方案 基于以上的對(duì)問(wèn)題的分析,利用計(jì)算機(jī)給我們提供信息,及時(shí)地調(diào)整圖書館圖書租借結(jié)構(gòu),并且對(duì)借閱人員的借閱過(guò)程形成一整套動(dòng)態(tài)的管理就十分必要了。 ( 2)目錄廳主要負(fù)責(zé)讀者查詢工作,包括可借圖書租借(按圖書租借類別、圖書租借名稱或圖書租借作者查詢);新書目錄(按圖書租借類別、日期查詢);借書情況(按讀者借書證號(hào)查詢) ( 3)借閱組主要負(fù)責(zé)圖書租借流通、查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)、借閱查詢等工作。迫使人們起用新的管理方法來(lái)管理圖書租借,如何把圖書管理員從繁重的工作中解脫出來(lái)呢?科學(xué)技 術(shù)日新月異的進(jìn)步,讓人類生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化,計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,使各行各業(yè)在計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方面得到了廣泛的普及和使用。 管理信息系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)是一個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)周期長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)要求高、影響因素多的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)工程,因此制定一個(gè)完善、可行、合理的開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃,不僅是系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)成功的保證,而且可以提高效率、節(jié)省時(shí)間、降低成本。信息和材料、能源一樣成為一種社會(huì)的基本生產(chǎn)資料,在人類的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。 【關(guān)鍵 詞】圖書管理、借閱、瀏覽、 Visual Basic, 【 Abstract】 With the development of society , Mankind need more knowledge also constantly increase, Under this f situation, book gradually bee the main path to obtain the knowledge of life, and library naturally occupied in people certainly position, how science ground the management library not only relate to the convenient degree that the reader beg to know, but also relate to the library that strategy of development, therefore, develop the management system of a perfect library can39。 從而使人們有更多時(shí)間來(lái)獲取信息、了解信息、掌握信息 。 ( 1)讀者在目錄廳查閱索引卡; ( 2)讀者寫出所借圖書租借的分類號(hào)、種次號(hào)、交給圖書租借管理員,并出示本人的借書證; ( 3)圖書管 理員根據(jù)圖書租借的分類號(hào)、種次號(hào)到書庫(kù)找書; ( 4)將圖書租借交給讀者,并由讀者填寫所借圖書租借的借書卡。因此對(duì)用戶的需求可分為四個(gè)方面:一方面是圖書館工作人員通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)管理各類圖書租借,分類編號(hào),調(diào)整圖書租借結(jié)構(gòu),增加圖書租借庫(kù)存,適應(yīng)借閱人員的需求;二方面是借閱人員能通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)查詢?yōu)g覽圖書租中的圖書租借,來(lái)確定自已需要的書籍,為借閱做好準(zhǔn)備;三方面是工作人員對(duì)借閱人員的借書證發(fā)放,登記能作好全面的掌握,及時(shí)得到每個(gè)借書證的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)和歷史借閱記錄;四方面也是圖書館的核心工作,對(duì)圖書租借的借閱管理。 經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行:由于圖書館急需采用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)進(jìn)行圖書租借的管理,因此對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)圖書租借管理系統(tǒng)大力支持,開(kāi)發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。 原圖書租借系統(tǒng)是用 basic 開(kāi)發(fā),為單機(jī)版,不能實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享,使同事部?jī)?nèi)部之間進(jìn)行信息傳遞成為很棘手的問(wèn)題。這些是很難得到的,特別是密碼,所以不但滿足了圖書租借借閱者的要求,還保護(hù)了圖書租借借閱者的個(gè)人隱私。全局概念結(jié)構(gòu)不僅要支持所有局部 ER模式,而且必須合理地表示一個(gè)完整、一致的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)概念結(jié)構(gòu)。 作為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā), Visual Basic 是一個(gè)非常理想選擇。只需要按設(shè)計(jì)要求的屏幕布局,用系統(tǒng)提供的工具,在屏幕上畫出各種“部件”,即圖形對(duì)象,并設(shè)置這些圖形對(duì)象的屬性。 Visual Basic 是解釋型語(yǔ)言,在輸入代碼的同時(shí),解釋系統(tǒng)將高級(jí)語(yǔ)言分解翻譯成計(jì)算機(jī)可以識(shí)別的機(jī)器指令,并判斷每個(gè)語(yǔ)句的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。同時(shí), Visual Basic 還能直接編輯和訪問(wèn)其他外部數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),如 dBASE, FoxPro, Paradox 等,這些數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)格式都可以用 Visual Basic 編輯和處理。利用 OLE 技術(shù),可以方便地建立復(fù)合式文檔 (pound document),這種文檔由來(lái)自多個(gè)不同應(yīng)用程序的對(duì)象組成,文檔中的每個(gè)對(duì)象都與原來(lái)的應(yīng)用程序相聯(lián)系,并可執(zhí)行與原來(lái)應(yīng)用程序完全相同的操作。 Access也提供了數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)庫(kù),可以使用桌面數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件置于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件服務(wù)器,與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶共享數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。一個(gè)記錄集合是動(dòng)態(tài)的也就意味著,當(dāng)原來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)表中的容改變了以后,該記錄集合中的記錄也會(huì)隨 之改變。它們只是加重了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)的重要性。 計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)處理應(yīng)用,首先要把大量的信息以數(shù)據(jù)形式存放在存儲(chǔ)器中。合理的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)可以提高數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)效率,保證數(shù)據(jù)的完整和一致。 ( 3) 怎樣創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表 上面已經(jīng)講了如何創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件,按照上面的步驟建立一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件后,需要在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件中建立一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表。 圖書租賃系統(tǒng) .mdb 39。聲明公用變量的方法如下: Public conn Public rs 上面就是聲明為公用變量,上面的聲明一定要放在模塊的最上面。這些都是非常重要的,本系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)比較合理,而不是非常合理,因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)程序都可能有錯(cuò)誤,有一位程序設(shè)計(jì)大師說(shuō)過(guò)一句話,沒(méi)有 BUG(錯(cuò)誤)的程序,那不叫程序!下面列出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的每一個(gè)表,包括表中的字段的含意。 致謝 在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中,我從指導(dǎo)老師身上學(xué)到了很多東西。 and the glory of its beginning and the splendour of its end amazed the Ainur, so that they bowed before Il 鷙 atar and were silent. Then Il 鷙 atar said to them: 39。 but it could not be quenched, and it took to itself power and profundity. And it seemed at last that there were two musics progressing at one time before the seat of Il鷙 atar, and they were utterly at variance. The one was deep and wide and beautiful, but slow and blended w ith an immeasurable sorrow, from which its beauty chiefly came. The other had now achieved a unity of its own。Behold your Music!39。 and they came with the third theme, and were not in the theme which Il 鷙 atar propounded at the beginning, and none of the Ainur had part in their ma king. Therefore when they beheld them, the more did they love them, being things other than themselves, strange and free, wherein they saw the mind of Il 鷙 atar reflected anew, and learned yet a little more of his wisdom, which otherwise had been hidden even from the Ainur. Now the Children of Il 鷙 atar are Elves and Men, the Firstborn and the Followers. And amid all the splendours of the World, its vast halls and spaces, and its w heeling fires, Il 鷙 atar chose a place for their habitation in the Deeps of Time and in the midst of the innumerable stars. And this habitation might seem a little thing to those who consider only the majesty of the Ainur, an