【正文】 levels. 例如：一個(gè)零件的斷裂可能引起總成的震動(dòng)，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的中斷，這種狀況會(huì)引起性能的下降 ,可能造成於組合過程的震動(dòng)，最終導(dǎo)致客戶的不滿。 This column may also be used to highlight highpriority failure modes for engineering assessment if the team finds this helpful or if local management requires it. 特殊的產(chǎn)品或製品特性符號(hào)及其使用，系由三大汽車公司政策自訂，本手冊並未予以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。比較好的方式是第一種方式 Detection: Detect the cause/mechanism of failure or the failure mode, either by analytical or physical methods, before the item is released to production. The preferred approach is to first use prevention controls, if possible. DFMEA之現(xiàn)行設(shè)計(jì)管制區(qū)分 為兩個(gè)欄位 ,分別是預(yù)防管制及檢測管制 ,以協(xié)助小組成員明確區(qū)分兩者類型的管制方式。 Note: After making the detection ranking, the team should review the occurrence ranking and ensure that the occurrence ranking is still appropriate. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說明 建議評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (Suggested Evaluation Criteria) 小組成員應(yīng)對評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及等級系統(tǒng)更一致的共識(shí)，即使是個(gè)別產(chǎn)品分析更所修訂，亦應(yīng)更一致的共識(shí)。 Once the design controls have been identified, review all prevention controls to determine if any occurrence rankings need to be revised. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說明 17. 難檢度 (Detection): 難檢度量在設(shè)計(jì)管制中，能否容易檢測管制的等級劃分，為了達(dá)到較低等級，基本上需改善所規(guī)劃的設(shè)計(jì)管制。 for example, creating new system tests in the lab, or creating new system modeling algorithms, etc. 有兩種設(shè)計(jì)管制的類型可供考量 (舊版為三種 ) There are two types of design controls to consider: (1) 預(yù)防：預(yù)防失效原因 /機(jī)制或失效模式發(fā)生，或降低發(fā)生的機(jī)率。 Note: 1. It is not remended to modify criteria ranking values of 9 and 10. Failure modes with a rank of severity 1 should not be analyzed further. 2. 高嚴(yán)重度者，更時(shí)可藉由設(shè)計(jì)修改來降低失效的嚴(yán)重度，例如「平胎行駛」可減輕瞬間輪胎爆裂造成的嚴(yán)重度，而「安全帶」可以減輕車輛撞毀時(shí)人員的傷害。也就是，失效模式一旦發(fā)生時(shí)，對系統(tǒng)或設(shè)備以及操作使用的人員所造成的影響。 Potential failure mode is defined as the manner in which a ponent, subsystem, or system could potentially fail to meet or deliver the intended function described in the item/function column (., intended function fails). The potential failure mode may also be the cause of a potential failure mode in higherlevel subsystem or system, or be the effect of one in a lowerlevel ponent. 設(shè)計(jì) F M E A 填寫說明 設(shè)計(jì) F M E A填寫說明 對一個(gè)特定項(xiàng)目及其功能，列出每一個(gè)潛在失效模式。 FMEA Date: Enter the date the original FMEA was plied and the latest revision date. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說明 設(shè)計(jì) F M E A 填寫說明 8. 核心小組 (Core Team): 列出被授權(quán)參與或執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)工作的負(fù)責(zé)個(gè)人和單位。 A Subsystem FMEA is generally a subset of a large system. 例如：前懸吊子系統(tǒng)是底盤系統(tǒng)的下一層系統(tǒng)。 The designresponsible engineer has at his or her disposal a number of documents that will be useful in preparing the Design FMEA. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA的開始將從列出設(shè)計(jì)希望做什麼？及不希望做什麼？即設(shè)計(jì)意圖 . The process begins by developing a listing of what the design is expected to do and what it is expected not to do, ., the design intent. 可能是透過品質(zhì)機(jī)能展開 (QFD)、車輛要求文件、已知的產(chǎn)品要求和 /或製造 /裝配 /服務(wù) /回收利用要求等來源，應(yīng)該綜合地確定顧客要求和需求。 End items, along with every related system, subsystem, and ponent, should be evaluated. ? FMEA是設(shè)計(jì)小組想法的摘錄 (包括依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)更可能失效事項(xiàng)之分析 )。 Studies of vehicle campaigns have shown that fully implemented FMEA programs could have prevented many of the campaigns. 3. 要完成 FMEA得依靠小組共同努力。 One of the most important factors for the successful implementation of an FMEA program is timeliness. It is meant to be a “beforetheevent” action, not an “afterthefact” exercise. 6. FMEA不僅是簡單的填表工作，而是藉由對 FMEA的瞭解，以消除風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，使計(jì)劃獲得適當(dāng)?shù)墓苤?，藉以達(dá)到客戶的滿意。 The definition of “Customer” for a Design FMEA is not only the “End User” but also the designresponsible engineers/teams of the vehicle or higherlevel assemblies, and/or the manufacturing/processresponsible engineers in activities such as manufacturing, assembly, and service. 小組的努力 (Team Effort) 在最初的設(shè)計(jì) FMEA過程中，負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)的工程師被要求能夠直接地、主動(dòng)地從所更受到影響的領(lǐng)域，這些領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該包括，但不限於：裝配、製造、設(shè)計(jì)、分析 /測試、可靠度、材料、品質(zhì)、服務(wù)和供應(yīng)商，以及負(fù)責(zé)次一上層或下層組裝、系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)或零組件。 FMEA Number: Enter the FMEA document number, which may be used for tracking. 2. 系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)及零組件 ：註明合適的分析等級 ,並填入系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)或零件名稱和編號(hào)。 For example, a strut is a ponent of the front suspension(which is a subsystem of the chassis system.) 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說明 3. 設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任： 填入 OEM、部門和小組，可能的話還應(yīng)包含供應(yīng)商名稱。於最初發(fā)行之前 ,應(yīng)使用臨時(shí)性編號(hào)。潛在失效模式可能發(fā)生於某些作業(yè)條件下 (如：熱、冷、乾、多灰塵的條件 )和在某些使用條件下 (如：超過平均里程數(shù)以上、粗糙不平的地形、僅在市區(qū)行駛 )。 For example, a part could fracture, which may cause the assembly to vibrate, resulting in an intermittent system operation. The intermittent system operation could cause performance to degrade and ultimately lead to customer dissatisfaction. 典型的失效效應(yīng)包括：噪音、粗糙、操作不規(guī)則、無法操作、異味、不穩(wěn)定、操作不良、間歇性操作、熱現(xiàn)象、滲漏、校準(zhǔn)不符。 Special product or process characteristics symbols and their usage is directed by specific pany policy and is not standardized in this document. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說明 /機(jī)制 典型的失效原因 /機(jī)制項(xiàng)目如下 : 可能包括如下 ,但不限於 可能包括如下 ,但不限於 〃 錯(cuò)誤的原物料規(guī)格 〃彎曲 〃不適當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)壽命假設(shè) 〃金屬疲勞 〃壓力過大 〃材料不穩(wěn)定 〃潤滑能力不足 〃潛變 〃保養(yǎng)說明不適宜 〃磨損 〃計(jì)算不正確 〃腐蝕 〃軟體規(guī)格不適應(yīng) 〃化學(xué)氧化 〃表面處理規(guī)格不足 / 〃電移 (electromigration) 〃行程規(guī)格不足 /材料的摩擦力不適宜 〃過熱公差計(jì)定不適當(dāng) 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說明 Cause(s)/Mechanism(s) of Failure Typical failure causes may include, but are not limited to: 〃 Incorrect Material Specified 〃 Inadequate Design Life Assumption 〃 Overstressing 〃 Insufficient Lubrication Capability 〃 Improper Maintenance Instructions 〃 Incorrect Algorithm 〃 Improper Software Specification 〃 Improper Surface Finish Specification 〃 Inadequate Travel Specification 〃 Improper Friction Material Specified 〃 Excessive Heat 〃 Improper Tolerance Specified D e s i g n F M E A Typical failure mechanisms may include, but are not limited to: 〃 Yield 〃 Fatigue 〃 Material Instability 〃 Creep 〃 Wear 〃 Corrosion 〃 Chemical Oxidation 〃 Electromigration (Occurrence): 發(fā)生率是特定原因 /機(jī)制在設(shè)計(jì)階段中可能發(fā)生的機(jī)率 . Occurrence is likelihood that a specific cause/mechanism will occur during the design life. 發(fā)生機(jī)率的評估等級分?jǐn)?shù)具有相對的意義，而非絕對值。更助於目視分辨決定所考量的管制方式。 The team should agree on an evaluation criteria and ranking system that is consistent, even if modi