動物疫病風(fēng)險分析xxxx(存儲版)
【正文】 measures to achieve the Member39。 發(fā)生評估證明危害因素在我國境內(nèi)不造成危害的，風(fēng)險評估結(jié)束。 第三章 風(fēng)險評估 第十一條 進(jìn)境動物、動物產(chǎn)品、動物遺傳物質(zhì)、動物源性飼料、生物制品和動物病理材料存在危害因素的，啟動風(fēng)險評估程序。 第二條 本規(guī)定所稱動物和動物產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險分析，包括對進(jìn)境動物、動物產(chǎn)品、動物遺傳物質(zhì)、動物源性飼料、生物制品和動物病理材料的風(fēng)險分析。 動物疫病風(fēng)險是指在特定條件和時期內(nèi)人們在進(jìn)行動物及動物產(chǎn)品交易過程中病蟲害傳入并造成危害（引起某一地區(qū)動物顯性或隱性病例數(shù)明顯超過平時一般水平）的可能性。 所以進(jìn)口地區(qū)最終承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險是所有風(fēng)險（或風(fēng)險要素）綜合，確定一個 “ 可接受的或適當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)險保護(hù)水平 ” 非常重要。 第六條 風(fēng)險分析過程應(yīng)當(dāng)包括危害因素確定、風(fēng)險評估、風(fēng)險管理和風(fēng)險交流。 第十三條 風(fēng)險評估采用定性、定量或者兩者相結(jié)合的分析方法。 Risk assessment steps Release assessment Release assessment consists of describing the biological pathway(s) necessary for an importation activity to ‘release’ (that is, introduce) pathogenic agents into a particular environment, and estimating the probability of that plete process occurring, either qualitatively (in words) or quantitatively (as a numerical estimate). The release assessment describes the probability of the ‘release’ of each of the potential hazards (the pathogenic agents) under each specified set of conditions with respect to amounts and timing, and how these might change as a result of various actions, events or measures. Examples of the kind of inputs that may be required in the release assessment are: Biological factors species, age and breed of animals agent predilection sites vaccination, testing, treatment and quarantine. Country factors incidence/prevalence evaluation of Veterinary Services, surveillance and control programmes and zoning and partmentalisation systems of the exporting country. Commodity factors quantity of modity to be imported ease of contamination effect of processing effect of storage and transport. If the release assessment demonstrates no significant risk, the risk assessment does not need to continue. Exposure assessment Exposure assessment consists of describing the biological pathway(s) necessary for exposure of animals and humans in the importing country to the hazards (in this case the pathogenic agents) released from a given risk source, and estimating the probability of the exposure(s) occurring, either qualitatively (in words) or quantitatively (as a numerical estimate). The probability of exposure to the identified hazards is estimated for specified exposure conditions with respect to amounts, timing, frequency, duration of exposure, routes of exposure (. ingestion, inhalation, or insect bite), and the number, species and other characteristics of the animal and human populations exposed. Examples of the kind of inputs that may be required in the exposure assessment are: Biological factors properties of the agent. Country factors presence of potential vectors human and animal demographics customs and cultural practices geographical and environmental characteristics. Commodity factors quantity of modity to be imported intended use of the imported animals or products disposal practices. If the exposure assessment demonstrates no significant risk, the risk assessment may conclude at this step. Consequence assessment Consequence assessment consists of describing the relationship between specified exposures to a biological agent and the consequences of those exposures. A causal process should exist by which exposures produce adverse health or environmental consequences, which may in turn lead to socioeconomic consequences. The consequence assessment describes the potential consequences of a given exposure and est
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