【正文】 c Commerce Opportunities ? Focus on specific business processes – Break business down – Series of valueadding activities that bine to meet firm’s goals ? Business activities conducted by firms of all sizes ? Firm – Multiple business units owned by a mon set of shareholders ? Industry – Multiple firms selling similar products to similar customers 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 63 FIGURE 110 Industry value chain for a strategic business unit 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 68 FIGURE 113 Proportion of online B2C sales by geographic region, 2023 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 75 Culture and Government ? Online discussion inhospitable to cultural environments ? Government controls in some cultures – Unfettered munication not desired or considered acceptable ? Denounced Inter material content – Unrestricted Inter access forbidden – Web content filtered – Monitors ISP records – Impose language requirements 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 80 Group Work ? Choose one industry (education, food, car, energy……) ? Find a pany (which is outstanding, or new, or your group think is special) in this industry. ? Do SWOT analysis for the pany. ? Analysis the advantages emerce brought to this pany/industry. 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 73 Cultural Issues (cont’d.) ? Select icons carefully – Shopping cart versus shopping baskets, trolleys – Hand signal for “OK”: obscene gesture in Brazil ? Dramatic cultural overtones – India: inappropriate to use cow image in cartoon – Muslim countries: offended by human arms or legs uncovered – White color (purity versus death) – Japan: number four symbolizes death 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 International Nature of Electronic Commerce ? Inter connects puters worldwide ? When panies use Web to improve business process: – They automatically operate in global environment ? Third wave – Rapidly increasing proportion outside US – China, India, and Brazil have seen enormous recent growth 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 Industry Value Chains ? Examine where strategic business unit fits within industry ? Porter’s value system – Describes larger activities stream into which particular business unit’s value chain is embedded – Industry value chain refers to value systems ? Awareness of businesses value chain activities – Allows identification of new opportunities – Useful way to think about general business strategy 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 Network Economic Structures (cont’d.) ? Network anizations – Well suited to informationintensive technology industries – Electronic merce makes works easier to construct and maintain – Manuel Castells predicts economic works will bee the anizing structure for all social interactions 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 Markets and Hierarchies ? Coase’s analysis of high transaction costs – Hierarchical anizations replace marketnegotiated transactions – Supervision and workermonitoring elements – Vertical integration sweater example (Figure 17) ? Oliver Williamson (extended Coase’s analysis) – Complex manufacturing, assembly operations ? Hierarchically anized, vertically integrated – Manufacturing innovations increased monitoring activities’ efficiency and effectiveness 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 41 Opportunities for Electronic Commerce ? Electronic merce can help increase profits – Increases sales – Decreases business costs ? Virtual munity – Gathering of people online using Web technologies 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 34 Focus on Specific Business Processes ? Examples of business processes – Purchasing raw materials or goods for resale – Converting materials and labor into finished goods – Managing transportation and logistics – Hiring and training employees – Managing business finances ? Identify processes benefiting from emerce technology ? Inter technologies as a means to facilitate business processes 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 27 The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce, 20232023 (cont’d.) ? First and second wave characteristics (cont’d.) – Electronic mail () use ? First wave: unstructured munication ? Second wave: integral part of marketing, customer contact strategies – Revenue source ? First wave: online advertising (failed) ? Second wave: Inter advertising (more successful) 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 21 FIGURE 12 Electronic merce categories 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 14 Categories of Electronic Commerce ? Businesstoconsumer (B2C) – Consumer shopping on the Web ? Businesstobusiness (B2B): eprocurement – Transactions conducted between Web businesses – Supply management (procurement) departments ? Negotiate purchase transactions with suppliers ? Business processes – Use of Inter technologies within the business 15 169。ELEVENTH EDITION ELECTRONIC COMMERCE GARY P. SCHNEIDER 1 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 13 Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business ? Electronic merce – Shopping on the Web – Businesses trading with other businesses – Internal pany processes – Broader term: electronic business (ebusiness) – Includes all business activ