hnd國(guó)際貿(mào)易融資(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 The INCOTERMS makes stipulations on the followings: 1. The point of place at which charges transfer from seller to buyer. 2. The point of place at which risk transfer from seller to buyer. 3. The point of place at which seller deliver goods to buyer and buyer anizes transportation for next part of journey. They are concerning with delivery of goods from seller to buyer. INCOTERMS tells us about them. INCOTERMS Three letters abbreviation simplifies negotiation process same understanding of the contents Incoterms published by ICC is most authoritative, the standard explanation Gives legal effect to Incoterms by Incorporating them in sales agreement Should refer to the full effect of Incoterms 1990 or 2023, ICC Publication There are currently 13 Incoterms in use and they are categorised in four groups, designated by the first letter of the term (acronym), as follows: Group E Departure Group F Main Carriage Not Paid By Seller Group C Main Carriage Paid By Seller Group D Arrival Group E Departure Under EXW the Seller minimizes the risk by only making the goods available at his own premises. EXW – Ex Works (... named place) EXW represents seller’ s minimum involvement and the maximum involvement of the buyer in the arrangement of the transportation of the goods from seller’ s premises (factory, warehouse etc.) Table 1. Obligations under the EXW term (B = Buyer) B Main carriage/freight B Loading to the main carrier and port charges B Payment of customs charges and taxes in China B Export customs clearance B Inland freight in China。s country B Unloading from the main carrier and port charges When EXW is used, you should remember that: The export of the goods is NOT guaranteed and the buyer may, for example, keep the goods in China and/or resell it to a third party. 貨物可能不運(yùn)出中國(guó) The actual point of manufacture might well vary from the place where seller operate seller’ s mercial undertaking. It is mon that seller would load the goods on a truck without charging a loading fee, although under EXW the buyer is responsible for the loading costs. Group F Main Carriage Not Paid By Seller Under F Terms the Seller arranges and pays for the precarriage in the country of export. FCA Free Carrier交貨承運(yùn)人 (...named place) FCA requires seller to take responsibility for all risks and costs until the goods are delivered to the named place and collected by the carrier nominated by the buyer. Under FCA seller are responsible for the export customs clearance. Under FCA the carrier may be responsible for collecting the goods from seller’ s premises or seller may be responsible for delivering goods to the carrier, dependent on agreed conditions. If seller’ s premises are the “ named place” , seller must load the goods onto the truck。 delivery to carrier / frontier S S S S Export customs clearance S S S S Payment of customs charges and taxes in China S S S S Loading to the main carrier and port charges S S S S Main carriage/freight 主要運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用 S S S S Cargo (marine) insurance 貨物保險(xiǎn) B S B S Unloading from the main carrier and port charges B B B B Customs clearance in Buyer39。s country B B S S DES and DEQ are monomodal terms and can only be used when the main carriage is by sea freight . Applicable Incoterms in Different Modes of Transportation Certain Incoterms are multimodal and others are restricted to moves where the main carriage is by sea or land transport only . A mon mistake in trade negotiations is selecting the Incoterm, which is inappropriate for the agreed mean of transport. The terms must be used for the correct form of transport if they are to offer any protection to you or to the buyer. Applicable Incoterms in Different Modes of Transportation（ next page) 適用于不同運(yùn)輸方式的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ) By air By road By rail By sea EXW yes yes yes yes FCA yes yes yes yes FAS yes FOB yes CFR yes CIF yes CPT yes yes yes yes CIP yes yes yes yes DAF yes yes DES yes DEQ yes DDU yes yes yes yes DDP yes yes yes yes Transfer of Risks Incoterms not only describe seller and buyer’ s obligations and specify the point when the responsibilities for the transportation costs shift from seller to buyer, but also nominate the point when the risks associated with transportation transfer from seller to the buyer (Table 6). This is one of the most important issues you have to remember when negotiating Incoterms. Table 6. Transfer of Risks EXW When the goods are at the disposal of the buyer FCA When goods delivered to carrier at the named place FAS When the goods have been placed alongside the ship FOB When the goods pass the ship’ s rail CFR When the goods pass the ship’ s rail CIF When the goods pass the ship’ s rail CPT Whe
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