實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物使用者職業(yè)健康與安全概述(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 1. Animal care and use 2. Research 3. Environmental health and safety 4. Occupational health 5. Administration and management 6. IACUC provide links among the five above institutional functions. 動(dòng)物房過敏原 (Allergens in the Animal Facility) 動(dòng)物房過敏原 (Allergens in the Animal Facility) 主要過敏原 ?Rats and Mice: urine protein, rat n 1A (prealbumin), rat n 1B (a2euglobulin), Mus m 1 (produced in liver and saliva and secreted in urine, 100 times in serum, male 4 times female) ?Rabbits: Ag1, fur (glycoprotein, major) ； Ag2, saliva、 urine (minor) ?Cats: Fel d 1, produced in sebaceous glands of the skin and coats of the hair shafts 動(dòng)物房過敏原 (Allergens in the Animal Facility) 預(yù)防 (Prevention): 1. Facility design: HEPA filter, filter top, air changes and HVAC etc., (RH: 54~77%) 2. Work practices (Workers should be made aware of the risks and avoid exposure as much as possible) 3. Personal protective equipment (Once a person develops allergic symptoms, surgical disposable masks are usually not effective) 4. Evaluation of the allergic workers (medicines or avoid exposure pletely) 減少暴露於動(dòng)物性過敏原的方法 ? Ventilated hood, biosafety cabi, dust/ surgical mask ? Animal rooms should deliver at least 10 air changes per hour ? Don’ t wear your street clothes when working with animals. Wear protective clothing. Reduce your skin contact with animals by wearing gloves and longsleeved lab coats ? Wash your hands frequently. Wash hands, face and neck before leaving the work area ? Avoid touching your hands to your face while working with animals and animal equipment ? Keep cages and your work area clean 人畜共通疾病的防治 (Control of zoonotic diseases in the animal facility) 1. Engineering control (facility design) 2. Animal quarantine and stabilization 3. Work practices and procedures 4. Personal protective equipment 5. Training and education 6. Role of the facility director and IACUC 7. Institutional policies and rules 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物病原分類 A: 人畜共通傳染病 B: 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物致死病原 C: 非致死但可引起實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物發(fā)生疾病或生理功能改變 D: 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物機(jī)緣性病原 E: 非病原但可為實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng) 物微生物條件的指標(biāo) 等級(jí) 微 生 物 種 類 小鼠 大鼠A 漢他病毒 （ Ha n t a vi r us ） ○淋巴球性膜絡(luò)腦膜腦炎病毒 （ L ym p h o c y t i c c h o r i o m e ni ng i t i svi r us ， L C M V ）○沙門式桿菌 （ Salmo ne ll a s pp .） ○ ○白癬菌 （ De r ma tophy tes ） ○ ○B(yǎng) 仙臺(tái)病毒 （ S e n da i vi r u s ） ○ ○鼠痘病毒 （ E c tr o m e li a vi r u s ） ○小鼠肝炎病毒 （ M o us e h e pa t i t i s vi r us ， M HV ） ○肺炎黴漿菌 （ M y c oplas m pulmo nis ） ○ ○纖毛桿菌 （ C il ia as s oc iated r e s pi r ator y bac il lus , C A R ） ○ ○腸黏膜肥厚癥菌 （ E . c oli O 1 15 a , c :k( b ) ） ○肺曩原蟲 （ P ne um oc y s ti s c ar inii
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