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ase contrast Diffraction mode For a thin sheet of single crystal, its reciprocal lattice is a set of parallel rods For polycrystalline specimen, its reciprocal lattice is series of concentric spheres The diffraction pattern can be seen as a magnified view of a planar section through the reciprocal lattice normal to the incident beam. Amplitude contrast Phase contrast Imanging mode relatively low resolutions ( 1nm) very high resolutions (1nm) Outline ? Brief introduction about graphene ? Review of TEM ? How scientists use TEM to study the structure of graphene ? Summary J. C. Meyer, 2022, Nature letters Micrometresized metallic scaffold Graphene Folded region Brightfield TEM image of suspended graphene Monolayer graphene, a fold exhibits only one dark line Bilayer graphene, a fold exhibits two dark lines 2nm 2nm For singlelayer graphene, intensities in reciprocal space are continuous rods For twolayer samples, an intensity