【正文】 culture at IBM (and elsewhere) to a presentation to someone, in lieu of presenting it in person or when an inperson presentation isn39。s notes or create an Adobe Acrobat file of such a printout, which is what you can then to them. Speaking tips There are many books, articles and seminars devoted to the skill of speaking to an audience. This isn39。s more powerful, what critical technologies are in the latest version, and why this particular benchmark is relevant to your audience. Transition first, then change slides. This is one of the most effective practices you can adopt. Too often, speakers will change the visuals first, everyone starts reading while the speaker starts a transition to this subject, and the audience starts with a sense of confusion until the speaker39。s rarely time for a survey. In any case, it39。re changing the slides on your own, you should be quiet during the change of visuals, so that the audience can absorb the new slide for half a second without also having to concentrate on what you39。s useless merely to tell your audience what they39。t already included.) If you can39。re thoroughly prepared. Say It, Don39。t be on the screen at all. This introduction to the simplest, most mon and effective types of charts used in presentations should help you develop the basic skills you need to decide when to use a graph, how to select the type most appropriate to your data, and how to create it using the software you already have available, in a style that will blend harmoniously into the IBM template. Before you even begin creating charts, there are a few points to keep in mind. ? Charts must be read. They don39。s true that less is more on any single page (and even for visuals in general) so long as your pages are brief and direct, repeating pages in order to highlight the progress of your presentation is an effective use of supporting visuals. In this instance, more can be more. Just don39。 module, this should already be clear.) The solution is to create another page which focuses in greater detail on one of your topics. In our current example, you might progress to this: Here again, you are giving your audience a limited, manageable amount of information at any one time. If you have benchmark data (in this example) that simply demands a graphic treatment, don39。s time only for a moment, and demands that they listen to what you39。 they have e to hear you municate. Use visuals to support your message. ? Less is more. A graph that shows (for example) levels of customer spending on certain technologies can reveal at a glance trends in the market, but it remains your task to explain that data39。ll be working on in this section. Title screen By using a standard title chart and following the style consistently, we will add a professional touch not only to our individual presentations but collectively to all of IBM39。ll notice that the pyramid more closely resembles a classic outline structure. Unlike an outline, however, the relative equality of the boxes make it much easier to restructure and reorder your presentation and establish new relationships to item without altering the entire anization, as often occurs when creating an outline. Where to begin Visual elements such as graphs, charts, and text can enhance your ability to municate, helping your audience follow your message and quickly understand various types of information. Used thoughtfully, they can be valuable tools. Used indiscriminately, or constructed poorly, however, they can actually detract from your message. They can clutter your presentation and confuse your audience. This template will facilitate the preparation of your presentation and will help to continue establishing you as one of the best expressions of the IBM brand. ? It reflects IBM39。t resonate with or be understood by your audience. Move things around. Add or delete, but keep the anizing structure intact. Once you have a pyramid that seems to represent your theme and the various points you need to get across, you39。s assume, four reasons. First, IBM products work together. Second, IBM offers the flexibility of open systems. Third, IBM services tie everything together. Fourth, IBM has experience in the customer39。ll probably have to revise it a few times anyway. The anizing principle behind this is a pyramid: each statement you make will have one, or more likely several, supporting pieces of information under it. As you build your presentation in this outline form, a pyramid will form, with your basic statement at the top and everything else arrayed beneath it. Don39。d choose? Composing this basic sentence might take two minutes, or it might take an hour. It doesn39。 they are about you, municating a message, with visual elements in a supporting role. Where to begin Here39。ll get those.) That39。s in it for me?) ? What questions might the audience have? OK, you39。s a useful resource. But the basic idea is really mon sense, merely a way of laying out your information so you can arrange and, later on, present it logically. Let39。re going to proceed through your presentation by offering facts and data in these four areas. Don39。t bother to begin with this formal, structured approach. Although you haven39。s simple to use. Although munications specialists and graphic designers have worked to create this template, anyone in IBM should be able to use it without any special skills or software beyond what is already available. Don39。s worth their time and effort. More important, make sure it39。t want to read long passages of text on a screen. And you don39。ll see that the template reflects this limit.