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1--英語中的16種時(shí)態(tài)(全)(存儲(chǔ)版)

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【正文】 so far. 至今他已寫了兩部小說。   例:Make somebody do something →somebody+ be +made to do something   See somebody do something →somebody +be +seen to do something   A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個(gè)女孩看到我的錢夾掉了,當(dāng)她經(jīng)過的時(shí)候。 一、簡單句基本形式:簡單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語加一個(gè)謂語構(gòu)成。  My sister will fix 。作代詞時(shí),它可做人稱代詞、指示代詞、非人稱代詞,用于前指、非確指或習(xí)語中。并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連接而成。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。   有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。例如:   I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。   The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? 現(xiàn)在的問題是她是否應(yīng)該有對測試的小意見?   Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 3)表語從句  在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。   需要注意的,當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí),表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。   試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:   I had no idea that you were here.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略)   Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,作賓語,可以省略) 5)名詞性that從句1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that從句。s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。   賓語補(bǔ)足語:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。   賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。t care whether you like the plan or 。   Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問題。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。 3.、狀語從句  狀語從句(Adverbial Clause) 狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí),起副詞作用的句子。   賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),只能用whether。 2)選擇性疑問從句   選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構(gòu)成,例如:   Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。  It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。   間接賓語:The club will give whoever wins a prize.  俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。   形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 2)That從句做主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that從句置于句末,例如:   It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to ,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。   The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。   That is why he didn’t e to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。例如:   We don’t think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:   a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí);b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí);c. 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí);d. 從句后有“or not”時(shí);e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。   We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。   It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。所不同在于,從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞(connective)引導(dǎo)。 二、并列句  兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。(China and other countries并列主語)   Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each 。 She became a 。   We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。   This new book sells well. 這本新書賣的很好。 二、 怎樣把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)?   把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)非常簡單,可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟: 1. 先找出謂語動(dòng)詞; 2. 再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語; 3. 把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語; 4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。 :had + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞   The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來之前,教室尚未打掃。 3. 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞   A new hospital will be built in our city. 我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會(huì)關(guān)了。(他沒寫完)   ②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this 。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來。   By the end of last month, we had reviewed four ,我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。 九、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ?。哼^去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。   When he came in, I was reading a ,我正在讀報(bào)紙。    I asked who was going ,誰要去那里。t know you were so 。   He is always ready to help 。  ?。篈lways, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays(on Mondays …),  ?。簞?dòng)詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單
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