第四章--國(guó)會(huì)(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 is referred to as the Great Experiment Hall because it chronicles in sixteen murals the legislative milestones of three centuries, from the signing of the Mayflower Compact in 1629 to the enactment of woman suffrage in 1920. Thirtytwo vigtes plementing the historical scenes are painted at the sides of the murals. In the ceiling sixteen medallion portraits are painted in chronological order, and quotations appear above the sixteen doorways. The corridor was dedicated in 1982, not long before the artist39。 ? 〔 三 〕 不得通過(guò)公民權(quán)利剝奪法案或追溯既往的法律。 第四節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織 ? 一、立法機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的制約與平衡 ? 參議院：平等體現(xiàn)各州利益，抑制過(guò)度民主行為 ? 眾議院：以人數(shù)為依據(jù)，體現(xiàn)多數(shù)人意志 ? 一院制與兩院制的比較 ? （ 1） 一院制：效率高、耗資少，有利于提高立法機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量 ? （ 2）兩院制：體現(xiàn)聯(lián)邦主義、可以分工處理更多的事務(wù)、相互制約 第四節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織 ? 二、國(guó)會(huì)的組織 ? 奇數(shù)年的 1月召開(kāi)全體大會(huì)，建立本屆國(guó)會(huì)的組織，修改或重新制訂規(guī)則 ? 選拔領(lǐng)袖 ? 工作兩年 眾議院議長(zhǎng) Speaker of the House (Dennis Hastert, RIL) ? The Speaker is both the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of the majority party. He is also second to the VicePresident in the line of succession to the Presidency. The Speaker plans and implements the legislative agenda of the House, has administrative control over much of the operations of the House, and controls appointments to special mittees and delegations. He also refers legislation to mittees, may place deadlines on mittee action, and chairs the mittee which appoints majority party members to their mittee assignments. 眾議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖 House Majority Leader (Tom DeLay, RTX) ? The Majority Leader acts as deputy to the Speaker. He schedules legislation for the floor, taking into account factors of political timing as well as policy importance. He acts as a spokesman for the party position during floor debate, plans legislative and political strategy for his party, mediates political disputes among majority party Members, and negotiates agreements with the minority, all under the direction of the Speaker. 眾議院少數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖 House Minority Leader (Nancy Pelosi, DCA) ? The Minority Leader is her party39。s policy priorities and seeks to insert them into the Senate39。s Senators for scheduled floor votes and quorum calls, and substituting for the Majority or Minority Leader as needed on the Senate floor. The full extent of their duties depends on their relationship with their party39。s every day lives ? 3) Congress was not designed to move quickly and efficiently. ? 4) The legislative process is dynamic and plex. ? 5) The country needs more politicians. 政治家的建議 ? 6) Members of Congress behave better than people think. ? 7) Members of Congress do pay attention to their constituents. ? 8) Citizens play an essential role in making Congress work. ? 9) Congress needs a lot of improvement. ? 10) Our representative democracy works. 政治家的建議 ? Money chase. ? Perpetual campaign ? Ease of reelection ? Partisanship ? Influence of special interests ? Weakening of mittees ? Failure to think longterm ? Decline in oversight ? Scheduling practices ? Appropriations process ? Restrictive rules ? Senate confirmation of appointments ? Ceding too much power to t
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