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winters and cool summers are the outstanding climatic features. Loch Ness ? Loch Ness is a long, narrow lake in northern Scotland. ? It extends in a northeastern direction for 37 km. The average width of the lake is about 2 km, and the greatest depth is about 230 m. ? The lake is reportedly 據(jù)說 the home of the socalled Loch Ness monster怪物 , but its existence存在 has never been proven. Edinburgh ? Edinburgh, the second largest city in Scotland, is the capital of Scotland. It is Scotland39。 instruments. The earliest surviving Scottish Highland pipe dates from 1409. Bagpipe ? Although bagpipes are found throughout the world, Scotland is probably the country most identified with the instrument. ? Around 1670, bagpipers began to play for the Highland troops serving the English Army. Since that time, bagpipers have acpanied Scottish troops through many wars. Bagpipers on Parade閱兵 Highland Games ? Hammer throwing, and caber tossing—are typical highland games in Scotland. ? The practice of hammer throwing was supposedly started by a group of hardy blacksmiths鐵匠 . Bored with their work, they decided to see who could throw a hammer the farthest. ? The object used in modern hammerthrowing contests is a metal ball weighing approximately大約 9 kg and attached to a wooden handle by a chain. Highland Games ? The tedium沉悶 of work also led to the creation of another highland sport, caber tossing. ? Before cutting a downed tree into lengths suitable適當(dāng)?shù)? for building houses, loggers 樵夫often challenged one another to lift the enormous log and throw it. ? Cabers range from 5 to 6 m in length and weigh 40 to 50 kg. The longer the caber, the more difficult it is to throw. Often the logs are soaked 浸濕 in water to make them heavier. Highland Games ? Once the caber is balanced, the athlete runs in the direction of the toss. With momentum活力 established, the athlete stops, bends slightly, and lets the caber fall forward. At the proper moment, the athlete then heaves the caber in the direction of the fall. ? In a good throw, the tapered