【正文】 being used to analyze economic outes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peerreviewed academic journals since its inception. Latin American Entrepreneurs: Many Firms but Little Innovation Authors: Daniel Lederman, Julian Messina, Samuel Pienknagura and Jamele Rigolini Published: December 2022 Pages: 168 Abstract: Entrepreneurship manifested in the entry of new firms or products into new markets, or substantial improvements in technological capacity or process innovation by incumbent firms is widely considered to be an important ingredient for long term economic development. This report argues that entrepreneurship is also a source of employment generation, export growth, and resilience during economic downturns. Although the conventional wisdom suggests that Latin American and Caribbean countries underperform relative to China and other emerging markets in terms of its entrepreneurial dynamism, this report provides evidence suggesting that the region is characterized by substantial entrepreneurship. The main challenge in the region is not a lack of entrepreneurs, but rather their relatively low level of innovation and the slow growth of incumbent firms. The report discusses the nature of new entrants into markets and the factors that might help stimulate privatesector innovation after firms have survived the initial test of market petition. Entrepreneurship in Latin America: A Step Up the Social Ladder? Authors: Eduardo Lora and Francesca Castellani Published: December 2022 Pages: 208 Abstract: This book looks at both the potential and limits of policies to promote entrepreneurship as an important vehicle for social mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean. Who are the region’s entrepreneurs? They tend to be middleaged males with secondary and, often, tertiary education who represent only a small segment of the economicallyactive population in the six countries considered in this book. They e from families in which a parent is, or was, an entrepreneur. In fact, a parent’s occupation is more important in the decision to bee an entrepreneur than a parent39。Human Settlements Conflict and Development Education Energy Environment Finance and Financial Sector Development Gender Governance World Bank research and publication topics II : Health, Nutrition and Population Industry Information and Communication Technologies Infrastructure Economics and Finance International Economics amp。s wealth, ine or education. Middle class entrepreneurship tends to dominate the sample in part since this is the majority class in society. However, as a percentage of each social class, entrepreneurship tends to be higher in the upper class, followed by the middle and lower classes. Entrepreneurs concentrate in microenterprises with fewer than five employees. They enjoy greater social mobility than employees and the selfemployed, but this mobility is not always in the upward direction. Entrepreneurs face multiple